Effective Business Communication for Nursing- myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theEffective Business Communication for Emergency Nursing. Answer: Destinations and Background The workplace of the inside and outer review directed a correspondence review to expose the qualities and shortcomings of the organization's correspondence frameworks. The procedure was joined by a few steps(Little, 2016). The basic territories reviewed were letterheads, logo, organizations cards, signage, news inclusion just as other web based showcasing materials. One on one meetings, on the web and phone studies, media examination, and center gatherings research technique were used(Martin Ciurzynski, 2015). Past interchanges were gathered and assessed after which clients were addressed to offer their thoughts identified with correspondence proficiency. Here, electronic studies, phone interviews, one on one and center gathering procedures were utilized. The people group was likewise addressed of the equivalent to tell the reviewers what they knew and thought of the association. After this, staffs were locked in to give their view about the effectiveness of the correspondence framework with respect to whether they feel it is doing date(Saiewitz Kida, 2017). Media inclusion including radio and TV tapes, web inclusion among others about the organization was examined. After this, the SWOT examination of the companys correspondence was done and later an arrangement for future interchanges was made. In particular, the basic reason for this update is to give the consequences of the correspondence review and permit individuals to know the productivity of the correspondence framework just as understand the escape clauses that should be closed. Since correspondence is a basic part of any association, it, along these lines, turns out to be extremely significant to react to any difficulties on the same(Vos, 2018). In any case, the general point of this update is to prepare all the partners of the organization with information about what has been going on in the organization, its encouraging, and the reviews by and large execution most definitely. Issues The review found that clearly, outside correspondence procedures, for example, advertising and item advancement have been productive and savvy. In any case, the review found that the inner correspondence forms had the accompanying issues: Issue 1: Employees are not continually picking the proper methods for correspondence for the specific situation and the crowd. Over 70% of the representatives are utilizing a methods for correspondence that fits in with the setting of the correspondence and the crowd. The resultant impact of this is helpless message conveyance where on occasion the indented message doesn't arrive at the objective collector. Issue 2: The inner authoritative system is constrained and inclined toward certain gatherings being forgotten about. The manner in which data flows inside the association is yet needing in light of the fact that a large portion of the representatives have not yet realized how to impart adequately, regardless of whether officially or casually. For this situation, a few gatherings have been left out(Sarapaivanich, 2916). The subjective noteworthiness of this is there has been misconception among the workers themselves and this has ingrained a lousy inclination to different representatives who get influenced by the equivalent. Issue three: Intra-hierarchical gatherings are ineffectual. The gatherings that are held inside the association are not yet successful for correspondence process inside the organization. This has forgotten about over 60% of the representatives clueless which is a huge danger to agreement, fellowship, and collaboration in the organization. Activity steps to take care of the issues Issue one: To address the issue of improper methods for correspondence, the organization will enlist specialized pros to converse with all the workers on the best rules for picking the proper methods for correspondence. All the representatives will be required to genuinely join in and take notes. This will assist them with utilizing the best possible methods for correspondence in future relying upon the unique situation and crowd. Issue two: To counter the issue of authoritative correspondence arrange inclination, the organization will advocate for consideration of the considerable number of individuals, people and gatherings in the interior hierarchical system to guarantee that none is forgotten about ignorant. All the representatives are in this manner encouraged to make sure that they know about the system and effectively use it for correspondence purposes. Issue three: To tackle the issue of inadequate intra-authoritative gatherings, all the individuals, when essential, will be required to go to intra-hierarchical gatherings and effectively take an interest to guarantee that these gatherings become compelling in message dissemination(Zhang Zhang, 2014). Care will be taken to guarantee that the speakers pick the correct correspondence approach and that the gatherings are held helpfully to advance viability. End In rundown, this update reports the inner and outer correspondence review that was finished with the point of knowing the presentation of the organization and correspondence viability. Because of the fundamental idea of correspondence, the review accepts that getting bolster group to edify workers on settling on the correct decision of correspondence means will help bring to end correspondence insufficiency. On a similar note, the consideration of the considerable number of individuals from the inside association arrange just as ensuring that the intra-authoritative gatherings are viable will sling the correspondence of this organization to another level. Advantages of consistence The review is mentioning all the representatives of this organization to consent to the proposed answers for the issues acknowledged after the review. As known to all of you, correspondence is the sprocket of the bicycle that rides to the accomplishment of some random association. Along these lines consistence with all the arrangements specified won't just succeed this organization yet in addition achieve amicability and accommodation in the organization. Help The organization, in this way, is willing and prepared to offer full help to all the organization partners to guarantee that successful correspondence is shown up at and that each worker approaches data helpfully. For any questions, praises or recommendations, utilize the contact subtleties beneath, Email: info@datasolutions.org Cell: 0026836192628 References Little, R. (2016). Understanding the job of web based life in logical correspondences: Communication review of the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. Michigan State University, 54-60. Martin, H., Ciurzynski, S. (2015). Circumstance, foundation, evaluation, and recommendationGuided groups improve correspondence and collaboration in the crisis division. Diary of Emergency Nursing, 35-38. Saiewitz, A., Kida, T. (2017). The impacts of an examiner's correspondence mode and expert tone on customer reactions to review requests. Bookkeeping, Organizations and Society, 78-82. Sarapaivanich, N. (2916). The job of relational correspondence in growing little medium size endeavor (SME) customer dependability toward a review firm. Global Small Business Journal, 72-88. Vos, M. (2018). Review Measurement of Crisis Communication Preparedness across Different Branches of Government: Sharing Experiences Gained in Finland. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 23-30. Zhang, J., Zhang, L. (2014). Does Auditors' Transformation to Limited Liability Partnership Lead to Higher Reporting Conservatism? Proof from Legal Form Change of Chinese Audit Firms. Diary of Accounting and Economics, 56-59.

Journal 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Diary 2 - Essay Example As a result of the discussions, patient’s rights that included agree to treatment, access to data, and the capacity to grumble came to application under the law1. Be that as it may, it required the proceeded with exertion of the Patient associations to advocate for these rights, their acknowledgment, in promoting their talk in the National Health Service in Britain. The article perceives that there were different difficulties towards the acknowledgment and execution of these patients’ rights. Thusly, the possibility of patients having rights comparable to medicinal services is begging to be proven wrong. Without a doubt, the two supporters and depreciators of the National Health Service in Britain utilize the patient’s rights to contend their positions. The involved patient’s rights includes the option to access to wellbeing administrations, classification, assent, contribution in their own human services, nature of care and the earth. They likewise includ e option to air grumblings and get inputs. Additionally, the presentation of the NHS Constitution fundamentally built up the British human services and advanced the patients’ rights. Moreover, associations like the Patients Association, the Community Health Councils, and the Consumers Association among others upheld for patient’s rights from as ahead of schedule as the 1960s2. The article specifies that the language of rights has since developed and pulled in various applications during the 1970s and 1980s. Besides, in the twentieth Century, there have been particular, yet covering, dreams of wellbeing rights. These rights incorporate wellbeing as a human right, as a citizens’ right, and as a shoppers right. Be that as it may, in Britain, these rights pulled in no inconsistencies between the state and resident. Surely, in 1948, the United Nations made a general statement of human rights mulling over the privilege to wellbeing on a worldwide level. Actually, wellbeing structures some portion of the advancement objectives in numerous countries since the 1980s with a point of handling pandemics. Be that as it may, in Britain,

Information Security Program Survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Data Security Program Survey - Essay Example As portrayed in its site, VA is one of the world’s biggest combined IT associations and the department’s Office of Information Technology has a $3.1 billion financial plan for the current monetary period. The association works almost 800 network based outpatient facilities and 152 clinical focuses. Also, it has more than, 300,000 personal computers, 30,000 PCs, approximately 450,000 email accounts (CRISP). As of late, the VA has executed the Continuous Readiness in Information Security Program (CRISP) to improve the protection of data about Veterans and their families. This data security program significantly fits the VA’s FY 2010-2014 key arrangement since this program outstandingly adds to esteem enhancement and partner fulfillment. Be that as it may, the association has been performing ineffectively in significant data security control regions for long years. This issue has constrained the presentation proficiency of the CRISP to a limited degree. The expenses and advantages of the CRISP turn of events and execution are yet to be known. VA’s Strategic Plan The VA endeavors to be individuals driven, result-driven, and forward looking (VA key arrangement). All tasks of the division are coordinated towards advancing the prosperity of Veterans and their families. ... It additionally plans to meet Veteran customer fulfillment by conveying improved ‘health, instruction, preparing, directing, budgetary, and entombment benefits and services’. Another key goal of FY 2010-2014 vital arrangement is to improve the eagerness to convey administrations and to secure individuals and their properties consistently, and especially in the midst of emergencies. At last, this vital arrangement likewise endeavors to â€Å"improve inner consumer loyalty with the board frameworks and bolster administrations to accomplish crucial and settle on VA a business of decision by putting resources into human capital† (VA key arrangement). Data security program The VA has built up the Continuous Readiness in Information Security Program (CRISP) by mixing diverse data security activities. The significant reason for this program is to fortify the security of data about Veterans, especially social insurance records. This data security program is portrayed with â€Å"unannounced reviews, studies, and self-assessments† (CRISP). The office asserts that this program is compelling to guarantee the privacy of touchy data about Veterans. All things considered, CRISP started as an activity to guarantee the department’s 334,000 representatives 100 percent consent to required security and protection mindfulness preparing. The CRISP is totally in accordance with the department’s â€Å"long-standing security approaches, including the arrangement of steady, concentrated preparing on IT security, records security, and protection awareness†. The most piece of the preparation depends on web. Notwithstanding following the conventional approaches, the

Religion Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam Views - 825 Words

Religion: Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam Views (Other (Not Listed) Sample) Content: Religion ThemesName:Instructor:Date:Religion ThemesReligion has wide teachings from Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam views. Phillip Novak brings the story of the Worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Wisdom which explains the different ways in which religion has transformed how people behave in their societies. The themes that come from his narration include sacrifice, compassion, non-attachment, transformations to enlightenments. These themes as expressed in the world wisdom are also a reflection of our lives. In this paper is an analysis of how we show these topics in our daily lives and their relationship with The Story of the Jumping Mouse.Religion comes with the need of sacrifice. People, on various occasions find it difficult to understand the meaning of sacrifice. From the existence of our religion to the implementation of the doctrine therein, people must sacrifice a few things. Originally, the world had several religious groups (Novak, 2011). Most of these religious gr oups disappeared because the people could not sacrifice their time and energy to ensure they grew. From the story of the jumping mouse, we notice that we should also keep ourselves in the paradigm of religious development by our sacrifices (Martin, 1970). We sacrifice to do better for people and ourselves. It defines us as individuals who are willing to reach put to others and care for their interests by leaving ours.Christians must have the compassion that is needed to succeed in the works of a Christian. To achieve in daily religious life, we need to be compassionate about what we d and how we do them. For the compassionate person, they have a strong magnet of love that draws them towards doing what is good to themselves. It leads to a long time happiness in oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s religious life because of its impacts. The emotions of shared sufferings between people are part of our mandate for a quiet stay in our society (Novak, 2011). The rise of this will come through empathy and our desire to act on what we see and experience together with others will lead to the fulfillment of them as right or bad. Or daily lives would be similar to the story of the jumping mouse as it shows what we could struggle in hardships with our friends for some achievement.Human beings apart to be attached to several things around them. Some of these things portray us as not able to live a free life that is far from any external pressures. Once we have external pressure from other people, we will have to oblige to what they would demand and want from us (Martin, 1970). Personally, I have had attachments to other people like friends in class who do sway me into who tend to have an easy time persuading me. Some of these people are not active religious believers. They end up being in control of some aspects of my life. My desire to live a spiritual life at times is compromised (Novak, 2011). It leads to a conclusion that people should practice their ways of lives which are free from any a ttachments to other forces. Such forces tend to take control of people and influence the results of their actions.The process of transformation is slow but determined. It comes when some beliefs and teachings can twist our subjective beliefs. For an individual to be transformed, he/she must be able to understand three major things; what he/she is doing, what another person is doing and what is desired. From these, one will be able to understand whether they are doing the right thing. The answer to such a soul search ill forces a transformation, either way, to do what is required or help another person do what is necessary (Martin, 1970). It takes time to help another person transform or o be transformed by what somebody is doing. They will have to be enlightened on what to do and the effect of their actions. Transformation cannot come quickly without somebody getting enlighten. That explains why the two go hand in hand. Enlightening someone means giving them enough information and a bility to understand some few aspects or teachings. People are never at the same level of achievements as others (Martin, 1970). Once somebody is convinced on what they are to do, they will be able to work out through the right ways to acquire knowledge.Our lives represent that of the jumping mouse in some aspects. We have the ability to understand what we need to do and why we need to do them. Just like...

Capital Punishment A Relevant Public Policy - 2882 Words

Abstract This paper examines the topic of capital punishment as a relevant public policy that is related to criminal justice. The history, justification and evidence for the policy, factors that have influenced the policy, competing positions and stakeholders, negative consequences of the policy, and evidence based changes to the current policy, will all be discussed. Relevant examples will be provided within each appropriate section. A comprehensive approach will be used to identify all key elements in regards to capital punishment. Finally, a concluding paragraph will summarize all salient information and takeaways from this topic. Keywords: capital punishment; death penalty; policy Capital Punishment as a relevant Public Policy related to Criminal Justice The history over the use of capital punishment is indeed a complex yet interesting topic. Across the United States the most common option for employment of the death penalty in the past was the use of hanging. Executions used to be a public spectacle in which many individuals bared witness to such. After that public executions became a thing of the past and many states began to use gas chambers and the infamous electric chair as means of punishment. Several western states even used firing squads as means of execution. In Furman v. Georgia, the United States Supreme Court in 1972 handed down a de facto moratorium on the death penalty. Four years later in 1976 in Gregg v. Georgia, the SupremeShow MoreRelatedThe United States Incarceration System1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States incarceration system is a structural foundation of punishment in which is formed by robust authoritarian power. The Uni ted States criminal justice system is not an institution to be underestimated, as it represents the highest incarceration rate of all world nations at a staggering 700 inmates per 100 thousand citizens (Krisberg, 7). Based on the social and political structure of democracy in the United States, it is argued that incarceration systems should follow the same rootsRead MoreRational Choice, Deterrence, Incapacitation and Just Desert Essay1476 Words   |  6 PagesRational Choice, Deterrence, Incapacitation and Just Desert In seeking to answer the question, Why do people engage in deviant and/or criminal acts?, many researchers, as well as the general public, have begun to focus on the element of personal choice. An understanding of personal choice is commonly based in a conception of rationality or rational choice. These conceptions are rooted in the analysis of human behavior developed by the early classical theorists, CesareRead MoreCapital Punishment Is The Sanctioned Practice1605 Words   |  7 PagesCommittee Name: 6th legal Committee Topic: Capital Punishment Country Name: Nigeria BRIEF BACKGROUND OF THE TOPIC Capital Punishment is the sanctioned practice that puts someone to death in response to crimes. There are many and varied types of execution used around the world today, including: beheading, electrocution, hanging, lethal injection, shooting in the back of the head, and by firing squad. People have been working to end executions since 1977, when only 16 countries had abolished the deathRead More Death Penalty Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pagesmethods of capital punishment, otherwise known as the death penalty. The sentence of death has long been an accepted form of justice, yet today, capital punishment has remained a hotly debated issue. Some believe this punishment to be cruel and unusual and therefore violating the United States Constitution, while in reality the death penalty is fair and just punishment for murder and other extremely violent crimes. With these clashing viewpoints, there are also differences in the policies of variousRead MoreThe Effect of the Death Penalty in Texa s1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effect of the Death Penalty in Texas Introduction A lot of heat and controversy surrounds capital punishment in today’s society. The death penalty was built into the Texas justice system in 1835 and has retained most of its strength compared to the rest of the states. The famous motto â€Å"Don’t Mess with Texas† stands true when concerning the death penalty; In Kenneth William’s article, â€Å"Texas: Tough on Murderers or on Fairness?.† Williams states, â€Å"No one promotes this message [Don’t Mess withRead MoreCapital Punishment : A Deterrent Effect On Crime Essay2996 Words   |  12 Pagesit serves in deterring criminal activities. Through exploration into findings of several studies, it would be possible to validate whether capital punishment has a deterrent effect on crimes. Various studies are explored with the objective of understanding which side of the debate is stronger. The findings of this study will be important in informing relevant personnel on whether to continue using the penalty or not. The structure of the paper is as follows: Introduction section s, Literature reviewRead MoreCapital Punishment : A Deterrent Effect On Crime Essay2970 Words   |  12 PagesAbstract The question of capital punishment has been stirring heated debate in regards to whether it indeed does or doesn’t deter criminal activities. By exploring findings from various studies, this paper aims at validating whether death penalty has a deterrent effect on crimes. Various studies are explored with the objective of understanding which side of the debate is stronger. The findings of this study will be important in informing relevant personnel on whether to continue usingRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is It Just Or Unjust?1387 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States today is the death penalty. Is it just or unjust? Does is deter murders and crimes? Are there proper rules for it, and a fair system to decide who gets the death penalty? The death penalty is â€Å"the punishment of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime.† Today it is mostly used for murder cases, however, depending on the state it can also be used for treason, aggres sive kidnapping, drug trafficking, aircraft hijacking, espionage, and aggressive assault byRead MoreCount the Cost is a Collaborative Effort to Fight the War on Drugs1696 Words   |  7 Pageswhile representing a diverse range of expertise and viewpoints, share a desire to reduce the unintended costs of the war on drugs. The Count the Costs project aims to highlight the negative impacts of the war on drugs in seven key policy areas: Development and Security; Public health; Human Rights; Stigma and Discrimination; Crime; The Environment; and Economics. The project calls upon world leaders and UN agencies to quantify the unintended negative consequences of the current approach to drugs, andRead MoreLegal And Ethical Issues Of Copyright1514 Words   |  7 Pagescopyrighted work. These uses can be done without permission from the copyright owner. When commenting upon copyrighted material you are allowed to reproduce parts of the source material to achieve your goal. This rule exists b ecause it is thought that the public will reap a benefit from the review of this material, which can be enhanced by including parts of the copyrighted material. Other uses of can include the creation of a parody, which is done with the sole purpose to ridicule other works in a comic

Project Management Methodologies And Sdlc Implementation

Vendors of Commercial-Off-the-shelf software normally do understand their products better, and have over the years of successful implementation of these, come up with a proven, often repeatable implementation methodology, which when followed properly, would better improve the chances of success. They also provide for a speedy and cost effective implementation of solutions. We would carry out a study of two vendors, with the aim of comparing for similarities, or differences, if exists, for the SAP’s ASAP, and the ORACLE’s AIM SDLC for COTS. It’s worth mentioning here, that the two, are similar, in the sense that they are implementation methodologies, and are proprietary. They are essentially project management methodologies and SDLC implementation methodologies, that provide the content, tools and expertise from thousands of successful implementations, which when followed properly, can greatly improve the chances of success. That is not to say other implementation methodologies cannot be employed at all -- in fact, it can, but would require lots of experience of the implementation team. We start with SAP’s ASAP, which is a methodology framework (content the project team follows to implement SAP software efficiently), and the SAP Solution Manager Application management suite. Several versions of it exist, with the most recent of them being the V8. â€Å"ASAP methodology framework v8 delivers structured methodology content — processes, procedures, accelerators, checklists, links toShow MoreRelatedSoftware Development Life Cycle Model1518 Words   |  7 PagesSDLC Models The quality of a software highly depend on the process that is followed in the organization for the projects. There are a large number of projects failed in the software nowadays due to lack of a SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) model or selecting a poor SDLC model for their projects. â€Å"By selecting right software process model a better and high quality product can be found within budget and time† (Neha Satinder Pal, 2011). â€Å"SDLC models are tools that allow the development teamRead MoreEssay on System Development Life Cycle1231 Words   |  5 Pages 2014 Krystal Hall System Development Life Cycle â€Å"Both risk governance and regulatory requirements emphasize the need for an effective risk management plan. And to effectively manage risk, it is important that definitions of the risk management plan objectives are clear from the start, so that the plan can head in the right direction. Risk management of information assets also provides a strong basis for information security activities, such as controlling risk to the confidentiality, integrityRead MoreThe Boehm- Waterfall Software Engineering Methodology1355 Words   |  6 Pagesengineering methodology. How does this relate to the SDLC? SDLC stands for the systems development life cycle. It is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. There are five steps to the SDLC, which are planning, analyze, design, implementation, and maintenance. The Boehm- Waterfall Software engineering methodology is the waterfallRead MoreThe Boehm- Waterfall Software Engineering Methodology Essay948 Words   |  4 Pagesengineering methodology. How does this relate to the SDLC? SDLC stands for the systems development life cycle. It is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. There are five steps to the SDLC, which are planning, analyze, design, implementation, and maintenance. The Boehm- Waterfall Software engineering methodology relates to SDLC becauseRead MoreSystem Development Life Cycle ( Sdlc ) Methodologies1448 Words   |  6 PagesBusinesses rely heavily on their information systems for decision making, an essential component of organization management. Information systems serves several purposes in a business, ranging from transactions and assisting leadership with difficult strategy formulation. Advances in computer-based information technology in recent years have led to a widely variety of systems that managers are now using to make and implement decisions (Alter, 1976). In t oday’s businesses, systems development isRead MoreA Brief Note On Bank Rakyat Indonesia ( Bri ) Essay806 Words   |  4 Pagescost-efficient, effective, and of high quality. A methodology or procedure is needed to help and ensure the stakeholder to design, control and monitor every project of technology being executed to achieve predetermined objectives. The methodology or procedure is known in IT industry as a System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The SDLC methods/models is basically a project management tool that is used to plan, execute, and control systems development projects and it is also important to understand that theseRead MoreEa Enables Essay1355 Words   |  6 Pages Enterprise Architecture Enables SDLC The enterprise architecture complements the phases of system development life cycle. The SDLC consists of serious of steps that system developers are supposed to follow when developing systems in a firm or organization.   The EA complements and facilitates the phases of SDLC by ensuring organizations follow the steps of SDLC well when implementing systems.  Ã‚  The first step of SDLC is initiation. During the stage, the organizations identifyRead MoreThe Theory Development Life Cycle Approach Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation system, a number of development approaches and methodologies have been introduced. The waterfall approach, iterative approach, and agile approach are some examples of them. This report contains three main parts. The first part gives an introduction of two system development approaches. The system development life cycle approach is recommended in Honda’s global information systems environment. The second part talks about two other methodologies. It then discusses the potential deployment of structuredRead MoreEssay on Itm 3060 Ch 101054 Words   |  5 Pages1. (B) An analysis of proposed system feasibility and a logical system design are part of which of the following SDLC phase? a. Construction phase b. Definition phase c. Implementation phase d. System-building phase 2. (B) The SDLC phase that typically requires the greatest percentage of total cost for a project is the _________ phase. a. definition b. construction c. implementation d. final 3. (B) A feasibility analysis includes which of the following components? a. System requirements documentRead MoreHardware and Project Considerations When Implementing a New CRM System1638 Words   |  7 PagesHardware and Project Considerations When Implementing A New CRM System The most effective Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems are deliberately designed to align and enhance the strategic initiatives and programs of a given business or enterprise. They must take into account customer preferences, needs and wants as well, and strive to create a foundation of shared information and insight over time There are a myriad of studies that show how effective CRM systems are in transforming businesses

Oleanna by David Mamet The Birmingham Stage Company, directed by John Harrison Essay Example For Students

Oleanna by David Mamet The Birmingham Stage Company, directed by John Harrison Essay The Birmingham Stage Company is the resident company of the Old Rep Theatre. Its patrons are Sir Derek Jacobi and Paul Scofield. The company is unfounded and relies mainly on box office income. Company productions include Speed-The-Plow by David Mamet, The Crucible by Arthur Miller and The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams. The present production by The Birmingham Stage Company is David Mamets Oleanna. David Mamet is a contemporary writer well known for his shocking and controversial plays. While Oleanna doesnt have Mamets infamous swearing, it does pack all the other Mamet traits; realistic, ping pong dialogue and lots of conflict. There are only two people in the play, John Neal Foster and Carol Sophie Bold. John is a university professor his subject is not clear, although one would assume he teaches psychology. Carol is his failing student who he offers to talk to and help her understand his subject. Carols background is unclear and gets more so as the play progresses. In the first session John uses a number of examples to try to get what he is saying across to Carol who is still struggling to understand. Each time John starts to get somewhere with Carol the telephone rings and interrupts what he is trying to say. That is how act one ends with Carol about to say something which could determine the outcome of the play but is interrupted by the telephone. In act two the relationship between the two characters is totally different to what it was in act one. The act opens with John and Carol in the office again, however the ambience is a lot less relaxed and we soon find out that Carol has lodged a complaint to the university tenure committee because she thinks John to be elitist, hypocritical and she accuses him of sexual harassment. When act three opens John is accused of rape and Carol is trying to get his book banned. When Carol tells John that she is trying to ban his book, this as this is the final straw because she is trying to take away the only thing that he believes in anymore and he ends the play by beating Carol up. All of the action takes place over about month. We dont actually see the action, more the aftermath of it. Oleanna has many themes but the most poignant are sexual harassment, political correctness and power. John gives an example of his elitist attitude when he gives talks about the sexual behaviour of the Rich and poor. He starts by saying, A college friend once told me that poor people copulate more then rich people do, but rich people take more of their cloths offà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Carol interprets this as elitism. Again John displays power when he continuously finishes off Carols sentences in the first act. Carol strives for political correctness when she seeks Justice for what John has done. Director John Harrison made the set simple because of the budget and for effect. He does add one symbolic twist, there is a mock tree in the background and in the first act a rich, golden light is cast upon it; this is in contrast to the atmosphere and how John is feeling. At the beginning of act two the light has changed to a dark green and this again symbolises Johns feelings, the atmosphere and the hostile intentions Carol has for John. In act three the light cast upon the tree is a very dark blue and this symbolises the throbbing hatred John has for Carol. Also the only other lighting in act three was an overhead strip light which gives the feeling of an interrogation room. Harrison also used a raked stage with a small wharf at the end, which was not raked. The raked sage was used so the audience could see better and the seating arrangement was quite steep which made the audiences view even better. Another method used by Harrison was to change Johns appearance in each act. In act one John is dressed smartly. .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e , .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e .postImageUrl , .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e , .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e:hover , .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e:visited , .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e:active { border:0!important; } .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e:active , .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1dd645cb419bd4cfdaad5c433f2fa14e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Character Analysis - Ordinary People EssayHe is wearing a suite with a tie and smart shoes. In the second act John appears scruffier with messy hair and he was without his jacket, his tie was loosened and he was also wearing casual shoes. In the third act he was without his tie, his sleeves were rolled up and his hair was a complete mess. There were differences in Carols dress not much in the third scene but in the first scene Carol was wearing a short skirt and a T-shirt. In the second scene Carlo wore a long skirt. This made her look more formal even though it wasnt particularly formal.

Low Fertility Rate free essay sample

Singapore’s baby shortfall worsened last year when the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) sank to a historic low of 1. 16. That is down from 1. 22 in 2009, and way below the replacement level of 2. 1 (Li, 2011). Declining fertility rates is one of Singapore greatest challenges, bringing with it both economic and social impact. In addition, it is also a key- ­? contributing factor towards Singapore’s inescapable ageing population. 2. 2 Definitions 2. 2. 1 Total Fertility Rate A population’s total fertility rate refers to the average number of hildren that would be born per female, if all females live through their childbearing years of 15- ­? 49 and bear children according to a given set of age- ­? specific fertility rates. (Ministry Of Community Development, Youth Sports, 2010) 2. 2. 2 Ageing Population Ageing population refers to a situation where an increase in number of elderly, and a decrease in number of newborn babies lead to a shift in the median age distri bution of a population. We will write a custom essay sample on Low Fertility Rate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Reasons for falling fertility rates 2. 3. 1 Lack of economic means to raise a child High direct cost of raising a child 3 Written Report: Low Fertility Rates The asic costs of raising a child in Singapore include the costs of pregnancy and delivery, infant care, childcare and education. Besides, there are other additional living allowances as well as the possible extra holiday trips that need to be considered. A report by The Sunday Times (2010, as cited in â€Å"1 Million to†, 2010) estimated that the cost of raising 2 children in Singapore is about $1 million. These high costs act as a deterrent for couples to have children in Singapore, resulting in low fertility rates. Late entry into work force due to national service The mandatory two- ­? year national service delays the Singaporean male’s entry into the work force, delaying his ability to support a family till a later age. Since couples usually seek financial stability before they start a family, this has caused couples to delay their plans to have children, thereby contributing to lower fertility rates. Other economic commitments The high costs of living in Singapore currently take up a large portion of the monthly income of Singaporeans. Coupled with the rising property prices and costs of owning a car, there is less incentive for couples to start a family, since having children would only add to their financial burden. 2. 3. Lack of social means to raise a child Long working hours The high stress levels and long working hours in Singapore have been proven by many studies. According to an article â€Å"Don’t blame lack† by the International Labor Organization (2010), workers in Singapore clocked the most number of working hours per week among twelve nations in the survey. Such a phenomenon lowers fertility rates since couples might feel that they would not be able to care for their children due to long working hours. Both parties in work force The common phenomenon that both husbands and wives hold full- ­? time jobs also directly affects ouples’ willingness to raise children. Work stress endured by both parties leaves little time and energy for childcare and couples might be more hesitant when making a decision to have children. 2. 3. 3 Environmental factors Large influx of immigrants In order to cope with the declining population, Singapore has developed a sound immigration policy to attract the work force necessary to grow our economy. As of 2010, approximately 35 of every 100 people living in Singapore are PRs, or foreigners 4 Written Report: Low Fertility Rates on work permits or study visas (Department Of Statistics Singapore, 2011). Many f these non- ­? citizens can be viewed as transient residents with no intention of settling down permanently in Singapore. While no official studies have been carried out, it is postulated that the fertility rate of these non- ­? citizens is much lower than that of Singapore citizens, pulling down our national fertility rate as a whole (Chong Lee Ming, 2009). Influence from western culture As a cosmopolitan city, Singaporeans have also been greatly influenced by western culture. The westernized new age culture of cohabitation in place of marriage has taken root with the younger generation of Singaporeans. Hence, ithout the bond of marriage, the traditional view of having children in a family is gradually watered down. Increasing focus on hedonism With increasing emphasis placed on consumerism, the younger generation of Singaporeans has become more interested in pursuing material goods and pleasures for oneself instead of spending efforts on fostering relationships. As a result, children, in their opinion, are more likely to be a chore than a gift, as was in traditional cultures. 2. 4 Impacts 2. 4. 1 Economic consequences Tapering of economic growth While a low fertility rate does not have a direct impact on the economy, ts impact can be felt over the long term. Children are the work force for tomorrow, and given the situation of a declining fertility rate over the past 2 decades, there has been a shrinking citizen labour force, as more citizens are reaching retirement age without corresponding new entrants, stifling economic growth. Dwindling supply of local workforce The low fertility rate will lead to a lack of young talent in the future, and result in a huge imbalance in the human resource market. The average age of the workforce in Singapore will also consequently increase, and the older generation might be encouraged to elay their retirement. Moreover, the lack of employees may force companies to increase staff workload, thereby increasing their burden. High dependency on foreign talent 5 Written Report: Low Fertility Rates Due to the lack of young local talent, businesses would need to rely on immigrants to ensure that the economic system functions smoothly. These companies may be forced to increase employee salaries and improve perks, in order to attract foreign job applicants, leading to an increase in staffing costs. Social consequences Increased financial burden With a smaller younger generation supporting the ncreasing number of elderly dependents, there will be a greater strain on government welfare schemes and taxpayers resources. The increased demand for healthcare facilities might inevitably result in rising healthcare costs. More stress and longer working hours Due to the possible shortfall in employees, companies might need to increase employee workload and extend working hours to sustain productivity. This might then create another social problem, where a higher level of stress and longer working hours lead to a weakening of family ties or bonding between married couples. This might act as a deterrent for ouples to have children, and further exacerbate the issue of low fertility rates. Dilution of local culture due to immigration As we place a greater reliance on immigration to sustain the population in Singapore, there’s a possibility that the huge proportion of immigrants will g reatly alter Singapore culture, and gradually dilute the traditional values of our society. 3. 0 Stakeholder analysis The stakeholders in this issue can be defined in the following diagram: th Source: Bucholtz , Carroll: Business and Society 7 edition, Chapter 3, pg85 6 Written Report: Low Fertility Rates Potential childbearing Singaporean ouples (Dominant Stakeholder) This group has legitimacy and power. Only they have the power to alter the fertility rate in Singapore. They have legitimacy, as they will form part of the ageing population in the future. However, they would not have urgency as they might feel that other priorities should take precedence instead of procreation. The current Singaporean work force (Dependent Stakeholder) Some elderly might be encouraged to extend their retirement due to the slow turnover rate of younger people succeeding their jobs. Such consequences will bring both economic and social problems to Singapore. Therefore, hey hold legitimacy and urgency but not power. Potential Immigrants (Dormant Stakeholder) Immigrants could be a possible solution in solving the low fertility rate problem (Cheow Xin Yi, 2011). The potential immigrants have the power to decide whether to immigrate to Singapore and therefore contribute to the solution for the low birthrate or not, however they have no urgency and legitimacy as this problem is not of concern to them. Government (Definitive Stakeholder) The government has legitimacy, urgency and power. Low fertility rate is an issue faced by the state, and it is their job to solve such matters.

Ludwig van beethooven essays

Ludwig van beethooven essays 1. Mozart's finest opera, The Magic Flute is a comic German opera which is so lively with elements of fantasy and free-flying imagination. The Magic flute has an enormous complex plot and multilevel story The opera encompass variety of styles such as fugue, folk songs, comedy and hymn that describes autonomy of individual, self-determination, appalling sexism, the ideals of power, wisdom, and beauty. Mozart wrote The Magic Flute in 1791, just after the French Revolution and tragically just two months before his death it was premiered in Vienna. The opera is so rich with elements, it portrays different characters and expresses their every emotion and feelings that changes and evolves throughout the piece. Mozarts ability to express music in a way that it portrays human emotions and feeling so clear that it relates the audience in a personal level and where the audience becomes one with the music is indescribable. Mozart music and passion has inspired composers in his era and the m usic history after him. Countess Natalie Clarinet you are cardinally invited to a concert featuring the music of Herr Ludwig van Beethoven. The concert will begin at 7:30 and will take place at Theater-an-der-Wien. A premiere of Herr Ludwig van Beethoven new work, Symphony No. 5, will be included on the program. Also included will be the following works: Ah perfido, Mass in C major, the Fourth Piano Concerto, and Choral Fantasy. It was a cold dready winter of 1808, in Vienna, the year that has changed my life. It was the year when Napoleon occupies Rome and invades Spain, taking Barcelona and Madrid where he became a King of Spain. The Spanish king and his son were removed from power and replaced by Napoleon's brother Joseph. As news of this affront to their national pride spread, Spain's population exploded into a spontaneous revolt. It was a time of war, despair, and revolution. My family has already lost two brothers in the battle f...

Microprocessor Prosthetic Knee Use for Transfemoral Amputees Essay

Microprocessor Prosthetic Knee Use for Transfemoral Amputees - Essay Example The 19th century saw the use of more advanced lighter-weight prostheses made of wood. It has been found that amputations are largely due to trauma in developing countries while they are from vascular reasons in the developed countries.2 Vascular problems are usually associated with a lot of other illnesses which may limit a person's mobility and hence eliminate the urgent need for an advanced prosthesis. On the contrary, post-trauma amputees are usually younger with more active lifestyles and hence are candidates for advanced prosthetic placements so as to ensure uncompromised quality of life. Conventional mechanically controlled prostheses utilize a pneumatic or hydraulic damper to provide the appropriate gait parameters for the user at his or her conventional normal walking speed.3 The adjustment is usually effected by a prosthetist. When there is a change in walking speed, the pendulum action of the prosthesis for the change in stride or step is compensated by tilting the pelvis or such other physical maneuvers which delay the extension so that the foot is appropriately placed for the next step. These physical negotiations not only mar the flow of the gait but also use up more energy. Mauch Knee4 from Ossur is a nonmicroprocessor-controlle... The basic concept of the microprocessor-controlled lower limb prosthesis is the use of a microprocessor-controlled damper with the help of which step time is measured and knee extension is adjusted to changing walking speeds. The first computer-controlled prosthesis was devised by Blatchford in the early 1990s with a view to improving the amputees' symmetry of gait over a wide a range of walking speeds. The "Intelligent Prosthesis (IP)," as it was called, programs the knee to optimum swing settings for each individual user to achieve the smoothest gait pattern with less energy expense.5 A pneumatic control unit in the knee senses speed changes and adjusts the swinging speed of the prosthesis, making the gait not only look natural but also feel natural for the user. However, the IP works well only on even surfaces. In 1998, Blatchford introduced the more advanced Adaptive Prosthesis. The Adaptive Prosthesis has a microcomputer that adjusts to the change in terrain underfoot and its co mbination of hydraulics and pneumatics assisted weightbearing and responded to changes in the walking speed. The Adaptive Prosthesis provides the required degree of stability for walking, standing and climbing as needed by each individual user. The IP+ of Blatchford offers individually programmed microprocessor cadence control, stance stability to provide a natural gait, and a Stanceflex unit that helps reduce shock during heel strike. The Smart IP of Blatchford, in addition to all of the above features, can be re-programmed at any time by the user for footwear and activity level changes. The Smart IP claims through its studies and trials that with its intelligent pneumatic swing

Evaluation and Control on Network Acquisition Essay

Evaluation and Control on Network Acquisition - Essay Example process, the results of which are brought together into a status report, forwarded to the authorities responsible for the cost, budget, and schedule of the project. Risk mitigation strategies are used to analyze and report unplanned changes. Without effective risk mitigation strategies, a project will collapse or will lead to unexpected results because of the unanticipated changes (Royer, 2001, p.77; Adam, 2007, p.140). To handle change control issues, I plan to rank risks according to priority. Each risk should be ranked according to significance and likelihood (Dorian, 2011, par.3). I plan to take into consideration these common mitigation strategies: avoidance, acceptance, transference, and control. I would apply effective controls over risks if they are worth taking and are a part of my core project. To handle change control issues, I will measure the impact of the change in terms of my project’s cost, resources and schedule. I will accept or reject the change after reviewing what will happen if I do not allow the change to occur. I will document the change and will update the project plan

Trends in Workplace Essay Example for Free

Trends in Workplace Essay The ancient Chinese saying May you live in interesting times has perhaps never been more relevant. As the 1990s draw to a close and the new millennium fast approaches, life is phenomenally interestingand demanding. Professionals who are responsible for workplace learning and performance improvement are squarely in the center of the swirl of exciting possibilitiesand requirementsthat are emerging. The inextricable link between rapid technological change and the emergence of the global economy has created the necessity for profound change in the way people and organizations work. As a result, workplace learning is arguably more strategic to the competitive advantage of both individuals and employers than at any point in all of recorded history. So its a great time to be in this profession. But along with the tremendous opportunity that this period of economic history has brought come unprecedented requirements and responsibilities. The same technological advances that are behind the rapid emergence of a truly global economy are forever changing both the demand for and supply of workplace learning opportunities. This article is the third of ASTDs annual reports that identify major trends that are affecting the field of workplace learning and performance improvement. The underlying trends that were identified in the first two of these articles (see the November 1996 and 1997 issues of Training Development) are longstanding and not likely to change in the near term. Four particularly noteworthy demand-side developments are the growing effort given to managing knowledge, the integration of learning and communication functions, a resurgence of interest in leadership development and executive coaching, and the intensifying requirement among employees that career development become an integral part of their employment relationship. The supply-side developments to follow are those that hold the potential for revolutionizing the way in which work and learning occur: the Internet, intelligent tutoring systems, learning objects, and voice recognition. Two important developments in the marketplace for workplace learning, where supply meets demand, are the ongoing consolidation within the supplier community and the creation of an electronic marketplace where buyers and sellers of learning products and tools can meet virtually. Demand and supplypowerful, global forces that  cannot be escaped but that can be harnessed to your advantage. So read on for a glimpse of what the world holds in store for you as the new year and the new millennium unfold. And as you read, keep in mind another old sayingforewarned is forearmed. The demand for workplace learning and performance improvement Periods of rapid change create a premium on learningfor both individuals and organizations. Prosperity and growth are the rewards for those who are the fastest at learning and putting their learning into action; stagnation and decline are the penalties for delay. In an era when it is knowledge rather than physical assets that increasingly defines competitive advantage, the process of managing knowledge becomes a central part of the learning process. Knowledge management. According to some observers, the industrial eras successorthe information age, in which white-collar jobs exceeded blue-collar jobs and entire industries arose just to help companies manage and process informationis already at or past the midpoint of its life cycle. The ever-declining cost of processing information has made it universally available. Indeed, information has become a commodity that is readily bought and sold. As a result, it is no longer enough to define competitive advantage. Gone are the days, for example, when banks could compete exclusively on the basis of which had the fastest information technology or which could slice and dice their account information in more ways than anyone else. Hence, the rapidly growing interest in knowledge as the new source of competitive advantage and the realization that we have now entered a new erathe knowledge era. In many ways, this is nothing new at all. A firms knowledgethe brains of its employees, their know-how, the processes a nd customer knowledge that they createhas always been a source of competitive advantage. And by extension, so too has been knowledge managementthe processes by which a firm creates and leverages knowledge. Whatis unique about the knowledge era is that knowledge is becoming the primary source of competitive advantage within a growing number of industries. Organizations from industrial-era industries, such as automobile manufacturing, to information-age industries such as consulting are recognizing that they each have a unique storehouse  of knowledge, and that the future belongs to those that can grow their knowledge fastest and then apply and use it best. With the benefit of hindsight, it is apparent that in the knowledge era, creating and leveraging knowledge is the business of business. By all available measures, the stock market is already providing handsome rewards to companies that successfully leverage their knowledgea phenomenon that will almost surely grow in significance as knowledge-based organizations increase in size and number. A number of firms are anticipating this and looking to knowledge management to enhance, measure, and manage the knowledge of their employees and organizations more effectively. Why manage knowledge? There are a variety of reasons for the emergence of knowledge management as a real business concern. Among them is the messy transition from industrial-based production and work systems to information-based systems, which rendered many functions and people obsolete. Though downsizing seemed to be the answer of the 1980s, this butchers knife approach often resulted in the loss of valuable knowledge rather than the financial gains that firms expected. Knowledge management offers, instead, a surgeons scalpel that sharpens and refines the value of people and what they know. Certainly, the exponential growth of information technology and the plummeting cost of information processing also helped by laying the technological foundation for the emergence of knowledge management. A necessary, but in no way sufficient, part of most knowledge management efforts is a set of technologies for capturing and synthesizing information from which knowledge can be created and sharedtechnologies such as intranets, Lotus Notes, electronic performance support systems, and specialized software. These technologies provide not only wide and instantaneous access to information by people inside and outside firms who previously lacked such access, but also to the contextual cues that transform information into knowledge. Results from one of the first benchmarking studies on knowledge management, by the American Productivity and Quality Center, suggest several other reasons for its rise, including †¢ the need to capture what employees learn through customer contact. Empowered employees who had no way of sharing new solutions or innovations. †¢ internal and external benchmarking as a way of finding best practices  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ increasingly global and geographically dispersed operations †¢ customers seeking firms who leverage knowledge to meet their needs †¢ the rise of knowledge work and increased need for collaboration †¢ the need for increased responsiveness and shorter cycle times. What exactly is knowledge management? Like the fable of the blind men and the elephant, what knowledge management means to people depends on which part they are touching. For many, knowledge management is simply a more contemporary label for what they have already been doing under the rubric of information management, total quality management, training, the learning organization, electronic libraries, and so on. Adding further confusion is that some cast the knowledge management net more widely than others. Karl Erik Sveiby, an early advocate of knowledge management, views it as the art of creating value from an organizations intangible assets. For others, knowledge management is confined to the management of the codified, formalized, explicit forms of knowledge such as repositories of lessons learned, documents, databases, and company yellow pages, rather than all intangible assets. In their book Creating the Knowledge-Based Business, David Skyrme and Debra Amidon define knowledge management as the explicit and systematic management of vital knowledge and its associated processes of creating, gathering, organizing, diffusion, use, and exploitation. Perhaps the best way to understand knowledge management is to take a closer look at some examples of what companies actually do when they make knowledge management a priority. In a now classic study, Tom Davenport, along with Mike Beers and Dave DeLong, of Ernst Young found that knowledge management initiatives tend to fall into one of several categories, including †¢ creating and storing knowledge in repositories †¢ measuring the financial value of knowledge †¢ facilitating the transfer of knowledge †¢ creating a knowledge-sharing environment. The most common initiativebuilding knowledge repositoriesis intended to take some form of knowledge that has been extracted from peoples heads and store it in an information system for later access. For example, Hewlett Packard and Sequent Computer both have systems that store sales-oriented documentswhite papers, presentations, marketing collateralfor access by  their field salesforces in selling computers. Other knowledge repositories are less structured, consisting of the insights and observations of employees, sometimes called discussion databases or lessons-learned systems. Some repositories do not hold the knowledge itself, but point to those who have knowledge. Hewlett Packard, for instance, has expert repositories for researchers in its HP Laboratories and Corporate Education groups. A number of firms have undertaken initiatives to measure and manage the economic value of their knowledge. Two of the most widely known firms that have focused on value are Skandia and Dow Chemical. Skandia, the Swedish insurance company whose focus on intellectual capital is perhaps the most widely known, primarily addresses the measurement of value. Dow focuses more on the management of value by harvesting little-used patent and license assets. Many firms have knowledge transfer, the third type of initiative, as their primary objectiveeither through technology or human means. BP Exploration has built a desktop videoconferencing system to enable workers at remote exploration sites to exchange their knowledge with each other. UNISYS relies upon virtual team rooms to allow members of a particular project team to share files and communicate on a regular basis. Yet, other initiatives do not address any specific knowledge domain, but rather try to improve the overall knowledge environment by fostering an appreciation for knowledge and a culture of sharing. These projects may focus specifically on the reward systems for evaluating knowledge generation, sharing, or use. Given the fact that much of the interest in knowledge management has come about because of advances in information technology, it should come as no surprise that most of the initiatives falling into the just-described categories are centered around the introduction or use of information technology. A survey by the Ernst Young Center for Business Innovation found, for instance, that technology-centered efforts dominated the specific knowledge management projects of the 431 U.S. and European organizations that participated (see the table). The same survey found that information technology (IT) departments were twice as likely to lead knowledge management projects as any other pa rt of the organization. Knowledge management roles. Companies going down the knowledge management road, even after just a few timid steps, find that it wont happen on its own. Sure, knowledge has been gathered and shared as long as people have been able to communicate, but leveraging knowledge for business success requires that someone have explicit responsibility for making sure it happens and happens well. Hence the rise of the chief knowledge officer (CKO), director of intellectual capital, and chief learning officer (CLO). Though responsibilities may vary from firm to firm, this new executive-level position is typically charged with organizing, capturing, and distributing the organizations knowledge. Some of the most widely known people with titles such as these include CLO Steve Kerr of General Electric (GE), CKOs John Peetz of Ernst Young and Judith Rosenblum of Coca-Cola, and Leif Edvinsson, director of intellectual capital for Skandia. One estimate suggests there may be more than 250 firms in the United States with positions such as these. However, the jury is still out on the value of CKOs, CLOs, and the like. Though slightly more than half of the participants in Ernst Youngs survey said that a CKO could be valuable for their organization, only about 28 percent said that establishing new knowledge roles would make sense for their organization. Regardless of whether knowledge management is given a seat of its own in the boardroom, large firms especially discover quickly a need for a host of knowledge managers. The knowledge management roles for managing Pricewaterhouse Cooperss intranet KnowledgeCurve and its 150 Lotus Notes servers in the United States is an excellent example. More than 100 people in the firms knowledge management organization report to Ellen Knapp, its CKO. This number does not include the owner, moderator, and administrator of each discussion group or her power user council of more than 200 KnowledgeCurve champions in PricewaterhouseCoopers. These positions are critical for capturing the best knowledge in the organization, ensuring the quality of knowledge, and supporting the smooth operation of the entire system. No one said it would be easy No matter what knowledge management projects organizations undertake or how they support them, we already know that road is paved with obstacles and  fraught with complexity. Ernst Youngs survey reveals that the top four difficulties most organizations are likely to face fall into the areas of culture, measurement, quality, and money (see the table below). Overcoming technological limitations, by contrast, came in nearly last (15 percent). Larry Prusak of the IBM Consulting Group warns, When it comes to successfully managing knowledge, culture trumps all other factors. Some organizations are fortunate to have had a knowledge-sharing culture before beginning to formalize their knowledge management. These firms, typically high-tech or knowledge-driven organizations, according to Davenport and Prusak in their book Working Knowledge, have the advantage that they already attract and hire employees who sought and applied knowledge while in school. Other organizations, however, must cultivate such a culture by providing an  environment that encourages and rewards the sharing and use of knowledge. People must be given the time and opportunity to share and then be reassured that their contributions will be recognized. Perhaps the most critical condition for overcoming a culture in which knowledge is seen as power is senior management support for knowledge management. Robert Buckman, CEO of Buckman Laboratories, puts it moresuccinctly: Frankly, I do not think you can have a successful knowledge project without that proactive entrepreneurial support from the top. Other firms find success by building their knowledge management efforts off of groups or parts of the organization that already share knowledge. Is knowledge management a passing fad? Today, it does seem that there is more talk than action. Thomas Stewart, the Fortune magazine writer who first called the business worlds attention to the importance of peoples brainpower, warns that knowledge management has the potential for becoming a fad solely because of the money to be made from the information technology tools that frequently support it. But the forces behind its emergence are real and fundamental, and likely to continue. One thing is certain: Managing knowledge is not a well-defined process. There are many questions that remain unanswered. What knowledge should you keep and what should you toss away? How do you capture the knowledge of chance hallway conversations? How do you avoid the perception that having the latest, best hardware or software equates to managing knowledge? How do you make tacit knowledge explicit? On the other hand, the potential benefits are enormous. Those firms who answer those questions will benefit from knowledge management by †¢ increasing the amount of learning that takes place †¢ making work less frustrating and onerous †¢ making the promise of the learning organization a reality †¢ creating knowledge, insight, and understanding that can help people in their lives outside of work. All of which will be essential to competing in the knowledge era. Learning and employee communications The business imperative to accelerate organizational learning has created new functions within organizations to speed up the process of creating, capturing, and disseminating information and knowledge. The same forces that are creating a focus on knowledge management are causing firms to combine their learning and communications strategies. As training moves to learning, more and more organizations are looking to foster a learning environment to piggyback on training or to create an architecture in which learning, both formal and informal, is ongoing and consistent. As a relatively young company, Qualcomm (founded in 1985), a San Diego-based wireless communications company, did not have an internal communications department. So when the director of the learning department, Tamar Elkeles, decided she needed to better communicate Qualcomms learning and training initiatives to employees, she created a subdepartment within the learning department, called employee communications. Different from corporate communications, which is located at the headquarters facility and focuses on external public  relations, employee communications informs employees about more than just training events; this group has assumed responsibility for communicating the companys training and learning philosophy, as well as its culture and values. The use of the companys intranet Website for information exchange, as well as for more formal distance learning, has been an essential tool in Qualcomms employee communications efforts. Employee communications has been a part of Silicon Graphicss learning and development department for some time. Drew Banks, manager of integrated performance support at SGI, believes that intranet-based distribution of information was the catalyst that made combining learning and development with employee communications work. But he thinks that the underpinning philosophy that drives it is the view that organizational communication and learning are both on t he same continuum. Lars Thykier, director of training at Scandinavian Airlines System, agrees: The border between training/learning and internal communications is increasingly difficult to draw. And, he continues, There is increasing awareness that internal communications are also learning activities, meaning that there is a need for closer ties between the two strategies. If a corporate learning department is set up for broad-based corporate learning (not just skill-based training), says Banks, then this combination can make sense. In fact, he says, it is one of the four logical placements of an employee communications department (as shown in table). The placement of employee communications within an organization should depend on which goal is more difficult to achieve without an organizational linkage. For example, in a command-and-control culture, the first option in the table is best. Additionally, says Banks, any one of these goals could be more critical than the others depending on where the comp any is in its life cycle. This would mean that the organizational placement of employee communications could change over time. The increasing overlap of learning and employee communications within organizations originates from the need of an organization to link its functional silos, says Michele Miller, director of knowledge, strategy, and facilitation at Arthur Andersen. Much like the trend toward combining learning and performance consulting, organizations are melding learning and internal employee communications. Although many organizations have recognized this need, says Miller, they are taking different approaches to address it. Some organizations, for instance, have  located the employee communications department under the training department umbrella. Other organizations, like Arthur Andersen, are looking at creating stronger partnerships with broad-based groups that may have organizational responsibility for the knowledge and communications areas. This has resulted from the blurring of distinctions among communications, knowledge, and learning and from the increased importance of a holistic approach to address their different dimensions. The desire to move learning from discrete interventions to a complete learning environment appears to be pushing the integration of the learning and employee communications departments. Knowledge management, formal and informal learning, performance improvement, and intellectual capital enhancement appear to form the basis for this push, as well as a desire to help employees better understand their organizations vision, mission, culture, and values. No longer content to work within the constraints of functional silos, learning directors have begun to take a more systemic view of informing and developing employees through the creation of their own, or integration with existing, employee communications departments.

Essay --

David Sylvester A.P.U.S.H. Mr. Pickford February 11, 2014 Douglas MacArthur And The Korean War Arguably one of the greatest generals in American history Douglas MacArthur was born to be in the military, his father Arthur MacArthur was a great soldier who honorably in the Army and it MacArthur went to West Point to follow in his father's footsteps. MacArthur served for rising through the ranks at a rapid pace, he became most well known for his leadership during the second world war but after that he led his troops on the battlefields of Korea in his seventies. Although MacArthur proved to be a brilliant general, his aggressive decisions towards the end of the Korean War led to his honorable removal as general of the United Nations Army and his heroic actions and tales to be cemented permanently in American History. June 27th, 1950 was the day the United States announced its direct assistance in the Korean War. The following day United States planes were already bombing the North Korean Army and the United States is getting prepared for more attacks. On July 7th, 1950 General Douglas MacArthur was appointed to be commander of all UN forces which was an easy choice for President Truman to make because he and MacArthur were great friends and Truman admired MacArthur for his great military leadership. After being appointed MacArthur said to Truman "I can only repeat the pledge of my complete personal loyalty to you as well as an absolute devotion to your monumental struggle for peace and good will throughout the world. I hope I will not fail you"(MacArthur). When MacArthur took command in Korea he provided the soldiers with a much needed moral boost that kept them fighting harder and gave them a new sense of hope. During the begin... ...or his country and freedom sores past many others it led him into some trouble when he began speaking out against the government for not helping them and instead restricting how they could fight the war. MacArthur's words and actions he took against Harry Truman did not help him because he wanted to fight a full war to get a full victory and liberate all of Korea but Truman wanted to fight a restricted war and only liberate South Korea. The constant disputes between Truman and MacArthur ultimately led to Truman firing MacArthur. MacArthur's fate had already been cemented in history as an American hero and one of the greatest generals in military history, his tactics, moral and leadership were all driving factors that made him such a great general and he was always well respected by the men who served him because he was always right in the battle with them.

Korean reform movements

Korea had long been China's most important client state, but its strategic location opposite the Japanese islands and its natural resources of coal and iron attracted Japan's interest. In 1875 Japan, which had begun to adopt Western technology, forced Korea to open itself to foreign, especially Japanese, trade and to declare itself independent from China in its foreign relations. In December of 1884, a faction of young Korean aristocrats, called Progressives, attempted a coup d'à ©tat, Kapsin Jeongbyeon, with the support of the Japanese in an attempt to gain true national independence and put their government on the way to modernization. Japan soon became identified with the more radical modernizing forces within the Korean government, while China continued to support the conservative officials gathered around the royal family. This political coup detat was provoked by China's interference in Korea's internal affairs. Chinese conservatives in collaboration with their Korean associates stemmed the tide of modernization policy proposed by reformists and aimed at strengthening of Korean independence. As a consequence there was a threat of war between Japan and China but it was avoided by the signing of the Li-Ito Convention, â€Å"the agreement in compliance with which each nation would withdraw its troops from Korea and give advance notice to the other before sending troops back in† (Stone MacDonald, 1996, p. 38). The reformists’ bid for power failed and traditional Korean government supported by China, retained control. There are several weaknesses in Kapsin Jeongbyeon that made it fail. First of all this revolt was planned to be implemented during the celebration of the grand opening of new Postal Administration. So the armed forces illegally burst into the palace where celebration was held and made an attack. They counted on the Japanese legation guards in terms of military support but did not get any assistance on Japan’s part. On the contrary they met Japan’s treason when the military forces retreated, leaving reformists’ activists on their own. This was the second major cause of Kapsin Jeongbyeon defeat. Besides the lack of military power the reform movement suffered from the lack of public support. The Korean society turned out to be politically immature and unable to give appropriate assessment to the situation and necessary support. The pledge of any reformative ideas offered by politicians, public figures or revolutionists depends on that whether this idea can receive powerful backing from ordinary citizens. In the case with Kapsin movement this prerequisite was not fulfilled and this fact consequently added to the movement failure. Despite its failure, Kapsin movement left a significant trace in the history of Korea as national event. In its essence it was the movement the aim of which was the implementation of a nationally important program of modernization and achievement of independent status for Korean nation. Virtually, it was the first active movement in the Korean modern history. The Kapsin participants strived to do away with feudal system in the country and lay the foundation for development of the financially independent, modern state. The idea of the movement concerned two facets of the Koreans life – independence and modernization. Thus it provided a stimulus for further struggle against foreign domination over Korea and first of all for resistance movement against China’s incursion and assertion of national independence. On the other hand Kapsin stimulated modern reforms that ameliorated social and financial situation in the country, founded national defence system that consolidated national power of Korea and last but not least introduced the market economy. Being a national movement, Kapsin provided sound basis for modern nationalism in Korea, its national concepts were repeatedly exploited by later nationalism movements. It also affected religious situation in the country. Though the coup d'à ©tat failed, many reformers with religious leanings turned to Christianity, even reformist Confucianism lost prestige and institutional support.  1884 coup detat, Kapsin Jeongbyeon, signified a period of the rise of competing nationalism, the self-strengthening and enlightenment campaigns in Korea. References: Stone MacDonald, Donald (1996) The Koreans: Contemporary Politics and Society. Boulder: Westview Press.

Table Appointments - 4560 Words

Table Appointments Table appointments are implements used from dining which consist of linen, flatware,dinnerware, glassware and centerpiece. Proper care and wise selection of table appointmentsresult in beauty in table setting. The appearance of the table will add to the enjoyment of themeal. It is used in buffet service,meal service,plate service,formal service, french style,americanstyle,english style and russian style.Have you used any of the table appointment mentioned above? Can you describe them? Setting the table The following guide is a basic set of rules for setting the table. It can be used for setting a formalas well as an informal one.An attractive table adds to the enjoyment of a meal. To set the table, you need a â€Å"place†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Take small bites. Eat all that you take on your fork or spoon in one bite. †¢Look neat and talk about cheerful topics to make mealtimes pleasant. †¢Pass food at the table to the right with your left hand. Try not to blow on soup to cool it -it is not polite. †¢Cut salad with a knife if the pieces are too large to fit in your mouth. †¢Use a small piece of bread as a â€Å"pusher† to help guide food onto your fork. †¢Break off a whole piece of bread or roll into 2 or more small pieces. †¢Leave your silverware on the plate or saucer under a bowl when you have finished FLATWARES Cheese scoops are used for scooping smallcubes of cheese. Cheese scoops resemble asugar spoon with a longer handle. Cheese servers resemble a cake or pie server.This piece can be used to cut and serve slices of cheese. Chipped beef forks are used to serve chipped beef, a smoke-dried beef that has been slicedvery thinly. The chipped beef fork has tines that point outward for the piercing and holding of the slice of meat. Cocktail forks are individual forks used withthe five-piece place setting. Their primary purpose is for eating appetizers and shrimpdishes. Generally, this piece has three shorttines. Cracker spoons are used for the scooping andserving of crackers. The oversized bowlresembles an ice scoop. Cranberry servers are like large casserolespoons that are used for the scooping andserving of whole berries, like cranberries or strawberries.Show MoreRelatedThe Features Of A Relational Database1585 Words   |  7 Pagesmany-to-many Relational database – This is a database that contains more than one table of which are linked using key fields. An example could be a library database which could have the ability to have 3 tables. To further this example one table could be Customers so when somebody joins the library a record is generated with their details on such as their name, address and a customer’s ID. Key fields – A unique identifier for a table entry or database record Database – A structured set of data or recordsRead MoreData, Information, And Knowledge And How They Are Important Part Of The System901 Words   |  4 Pageswhy they are important to end users and designers. A relational database is a single data repository that provides both structural and data independence while maintaining conceptual simplicity. Also it is perceived by the user to be a collection of tables in which data are stored. End users find it easier to visualize their data as a collection of data organized as a matrix. Designers find it easier to deal with conceptual data representation, freeing them from the complexities associated with physicalRead MoreThe Gst Act1806 Words   |  8 Pagesa) S38-2 of the GST act covers the area of food. It states that a supply of food is GST-free. It is also worth noting that the food was purchased for a creditable purpose, which was to give customers something to eat whilst waiting for their appointment and also that it is â€Å"free of charge† meaning that he isn’t trying to earn revenue through selling these goods. Although both Sergio and the receptionist eat from food designated for customers it is still considered GST free as when they originallyRead MoreEssay on â€Å"Allocating Merit Raise† Case Analysis2320 Words   |  10 PagesJune each year and will be kept in the member’s file. The department chair will consult members to in sure that the scope of the effort and distribution among the criteria is appropriate. How it is determine is based on the nature of the member’s appointment and their anticipated activities report. Procedures Evaluation The department chair will conduct an evaluation by comparing the two reports. When comparing, the report is view as the goal of the plan. In addition, the department chairRead MoreEssay on Biography of Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev1141 Words   |  5 Pageswith Aleksandr A. Voskresenkii, also known as the â€Å"Grandfather of Russian Chemistry†. In St. Petersburg, he wrote his first scientific paper, â€Å"The Analysis of Finnish Allanite and Pyroxene†, this paper led to his curiosity of building the periodic table. He graduated in 1855, where he won a gold medal for being first in his class. After a few years, Mendeleev’s thesis On Specific Volumes and The Structure of Siliceous Combinations, resulted in him being able to teach theoretical and organic chemistryRead MoreBusiness Etiquette3296 Words   |  14 Pagesunto them. Being consistently late and not honoring peoples time is also considered unprofessional etiquette. Most everyone forgive occasional lateness with a reasonable explanation, but everyone tires of the person who is consistently late for appointments, who starts meetings 15 minutes late, who exceeds deadlines for reports or deliveries, and who gives short notice for work to be done or meeting to attend. In the American culture, time is considered a commodity, if you are neglecting the clientsRead MoreSpain and Japan Wine Industry Factbook12631 Words   |  51 PagesAdam Reid | 301098783 | ajr15@sfu.ca Angela Zhang | 301127074 | yufengz@sfu.ca Janice Wong | 301132415 | yingngaw@sfu.ca Jenna Zhang | 301107862 | wza31@sfu.ca Jing Tang | 301131948 | jta52@sfu.ca OlamideOmorodion | 301123288 | oomorodi@sfu.ca TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1.1. Purpose/Industry of Choice 1.2. Scope and Limitations of Research 1.3. Sources and Methods 2. Theories and Frameworks 2.2. Hofstede and Schwartz’s Model for Cultural Dimensions 2.3. Porter`s Five Force Model 3. HistoricalRead MoreA Survey On The Patient Volume Data Of The Total Amount Of Arrived Appointments For Fiscal Year Essay987 Words   |  4 PagesTable 1 provides the patient volume data of the total amount of arrived and no show appointments for fiscal year 2013, 2014 and 2015; this data reflects the patient volume for each clinic that comprise NMG Medical Specialties. The patient volume data is utilized to calculate the no show rate displayed in table 2. The no show rate calculation equation is: No Show/(No Show + Arrived). To highlight the information in table 1, note that the total amount of arrived appointments are increasing eachRead MoreUniversity Health Services1357 Words   |  6 Pages(pre-triage) to 69.1mins (post-triage). (Table 1) a. Number of patients treated by physicians increased from 41% to 48% (Exhibit 6) after the implementation of the triage system which could be due to an increase in â€Å"walk-in appointments† which decreases the physicians’ availability. b. Capacity utilization indicated that MD is the bottleneck that resulted in long waiting time with an average of five sessions exceeding 100% utilization daily. (Table 18) 2. Triage coordinators followed a guidelineRead MoreThe Journal Of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance1466 Words   |  6 Pagesthe facility for their appointment the following day. The phone calls are performed by the imaging center’s receptionist during the evening prior to the scheduled appointments. Data set number three was comprised of 62 successful reminder calls and out of those confirmed calls there were two no-shows. This data set was paired with a fourth data set concerning the unsuccessful reminder calls. There were 34 unsuccessful calls and out of those six were no-shows (see data table 2). For means of this

Cape Town Profile - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1247 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Management Essay Level High school Tags: Profile Essay Did you like this example? 1. Demographic trends 1.1 Population The South African nation comes from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds and has 11 official languages. This diverse population is characterised by eight distinct factors, namely race (population group), culture, ethnicity, language, religion, class, education and politics. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cape Town Profile" essay for you Create order The South African population in 2015 was estimated at 54 956 900 people, of whom approximately 51% (some 28, 07 million) were female. The Western Cape population in 2015 was estimated at 6 200 100, which constituted 11, 3% of the countrys total population, having declined slightly since 2014 when it constituted 11, 4% of the total South African population. The female population in the province is slightly higher, comprising 50, 73% of the total population. The Western Capes population is predominantly urban, mainly as Cape Towns population makes up a significant portion of the provincial population. 1.2 Households The total number of households in Cape Town grew from 653 085 in 1996 to 1 068 572 in 2011, which represents an increase of 63, 6%. There seems to be a trend towards smaller household units across all population groups. In 1996, the average household in Cape Town had three, 92 members, which dropped to three, 50 in 2011. Fertility, mean age at marriage, and divorce are the three main demographic determinants influencing household size. Households become less extended, more nuclear and smaller as societies industrialize and urbanize. The Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) studied the factors responsible for the reduction in household sizes throughout South Africa. Their analysis revealed that a mixture of interrelated legal, economic and social processes have contributed towards this trend since 1994. These involve greater legal protection and social acceptance of youth and women claiming rights to housing, the emergence of a powerful youth culture driving modern aspirations, the increasing effects of high unemployment, and womens earning power eroding patriarchal values and changing the nature of the institution of marriage. Cape Towns average household size is below that of developing countries (five members) and is moving closer to that of many developed countries (two to three members). This is already the case in certain population groups, particularly the white and black African groups (with the former averaging at around 2, 5 and the latter at 3, 25 in 2011). Even though the trend of smaller household sizes may have be seen as positive, it does pose certain challenges to Cape Town, as to other South African metros and developing-country cities. These include the increased demand for housing supply to accommodate the trend, with the consequent increase in housing prices; increased competition for scarce urban land for new housing developments, and the breakdown of the extended family, which is often considered as powerful social support network. The demographic trend for South Africa and the Western Cape indicates an ageing population across all population groups. This pattern is also evident in Cape Town. The amount of children (0 to 14 years) in Cape Town decreased from 29, 10% in 2002 to 26, and 18% in 2015. In the same period, the percentage of the population who are economically active (15 to 64 years) increased from 66, 58% to 67, 73%, while the aged population (65 years and above) grew from 4, 31% to 6, 09%. However, the total age dependency ratio for Cape Town decreased during this period from 0, 50 to 0, and 48. According to the UN classification, Cape Towns population has moved towards the upper end of a mature or middle-aged population. A population is considered mature or middle age if 4 to 7% of the population are aged 65 and above. Of the economically active (15 to 64 years), 53, 30% were absorbed into the economy in 2015. Even though this increased from 2009, when the labour absorption rate was 52, 50%, it has still not improved to the 2008 level of 54, 20%. This showed that Cape Towns economy is not growing fast enough to support the increasing economically active population. However, it also displays the impact of the economic recession from late 2008 to the end of 2009 on the economy, and a degree of recovery since then. 2. Health trends South Africas health profile reflects the historical challenges associated with its economic and geographical inequalities. South Africans experience an increasing number of non-communicable diseases associated with age and lifestyle, while communicable diseases (mainly the (HIV) and (TB)) also remain paramount concerns. Life expectancy at birth in South Africa increased from 61,2 years in 2012, to 62,2 years in 2013, to 62,9 years in 2015, which represents an annual rate of increase of 0,57 years. At this rate, the National Development Plan (NDP) vision of 70 years for life expectancy by 2030 is very likely to have be achieved. The Western Cape has the highest life expectancy at birth (68 years), which is very close to achieving the NDP 2030 vision. 2.1 Infant mortality rate in Cape Town The infant mortality rate is a key indicator of health and development in a society. It is associated with a broad range of social, economic and environmental factors, which are also indicative of the health status of the broader population. The IMR in South Africa significantly reduced from 2009 (39, 0) up to 2012 (27, 0), but had increased slightly by 2014 (28, 0), although it was still significantly lower than in 2009. This downward trend is also seen in Cape Town, where there was a clear trend towards a decrease in the IMR in the Cape metro between 2003 and 2012, dropping from 25,2 to 16,4 (per 1 000 live births) (refer table 1). Table 1: Cape Town infant mortality rate (IMR) trends (per 1 000 live births), 2003 to 2012 2.2 Child deaths Diseases that are readily preventable or treatable cause most child deaths. Globally, infectious diseases and newborn complications are responsible for the vast majority of deaths below the age of five. South Africa did not meet its MDG target of reducing deaths per 1 000 live births to 20 by 2015 (based on projections), it has however significantly improved its child health and under-5 mortality rate. The latter dropped by an annual average of 10, 3% between 2006 and 2011 (the fourth fastest rate of decline globally). This decline was largely attributed to the programme for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, improved immunisation rates to protect children against vaccine-preventable diseases such as diarrhoea and pneumonia, and vitamin A supplementation, which has decreased vitamin A deficiencies. South Africa is one of only a few countries that have introduced rotavirus and pneumococcus vaccines to reduce the incidence of, and death due to, diarrhoea and pneumonia in children. The main causes of child deaths during 2010 in Cape Town (figure 1) include diarrhoea (13%), other illnesses (11%), pneumonia (10%) and injuries (10%). The data for the causes of child deaths in Cape Town were previously generated by the Medical Research Council (MRC). However, the National Department of Home Affairs has introduced certain law amendments, which now forbid access to medical certificates, except for Stats SA. Therefore, the MRC was unable to generate data that are more recent. Stats SAs report on mortality and causes of death only presents a national overview of the causes of death for the under-5 group. 2.3 Tuberculosis There was a general increase in TB cases and incidence from 1997 to 2014 in Cape Town. From 2010 to 2014, however, a downward trend started to emerge. This downward trend is consistent with global and national TB trends. In Cape Town, data reveal that the number of HIV-positive TB cases, which previously increased, is now falling. Substantial improvements in TB outcomes had been achieved in the past number of years. In spite of these improvements, however, the following factors continue to fuel the TB epidemic in Cape Town: Poverty Urbanisation, with resultant overcrowding Damp, poorly ventilated houses/ shacks High HIV prevalence Clients presenting or being infected partners in serodiscordant Couples. However, maintaining an increasingly large number of people on lifelong ART does pose certain challenges, with available staff and infrastructure struggling to cope. identified late in the course of Strategies that address the HIV the disease (having potentially infected many others before treatment starts) Some clients never starting treatment, or interrupting treatment (defaulters) Substance abuse Smoking