Speech on Hammurabi

Hammurabi’s Laws: Fair â€Å"To bring about the rule of righteousness in the land, to destroy the wicked and evil doers, so that the strong should not harm the weak†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is a quote from Babylon’s king, Hammurabi, about his set of 282 laws that he wrote around 1750 B. C. Historians and scholars agree that these ancient laws were the first to cover all aspects of society. However, historians and scholars do not agree whether Hammurabi’s laws were fair or cruel. Honestly, I think his laws were fair because it stated what all people needed to know, it brought order and justice to society, and it regulated many different activities.His laws stated what all people needed to know about the rules of their society. All of his laws were written down so anyone would know anything about their society and so they couldn’t be changed. His laws were known as the laws of â€Å"an eye for an eye†. Law number 5 states if a judge makes an error through his own fault when trying a case, he must pay a fine, be removed from the judge’s bench, and never judge another case. Law number 233 states if a contractor builds a house for someone and the walls start to fall, then the builder must use his own money and labor to make the walls secure.His laws are also fair because they brought order and justice to society. Law 122 states if someone gives something to someone else for safekeeping, the transaction should be witnessed and a contract made between the two parties. I believe this law is fair because if the person loses the item the other person that gave it to him for safekeeping isn’t responsible for it, and won’t get into any kind of trouble. Hammurabi’s 282 laws also regulated many different activities, from business contracts to crime. Law 22 states if anyone is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death.Law 35 states if anyone buys cattle or sheep which the king has given to chief tains from him, he loses his money. Law 259 says, if anyone steals a water wheel from the field, he shall pay five shekels in money to its owner. I believe all these laws are fair because it’s giving rules that all people must follow. There are also people who think Hammurabi’s laws were cruel because they called for violent punishments, often death, for non-violent crimes. For example, law 202 states if someone strikes a man of higher rank, than he shall be whipped 60 times in public.In which I can understand because whipping is very violent and unfair to do to a person before they can explain themselves. My point of view is more reasonable because all of his laws WERE fair and it made everyone’s life easier, without them worrying about the BAD people running loose! I think all 282 of King Hammurabi’s laws were fair because they stated what all people needed to know about their society, it brought order and justice to society, and it regulated many diffe rent activities, from business contracts to crime. Would you like to have Hammurabi as a king? I think I would!

After a Careful Examination of the Arch Communication Inc.

After a careful examination of the Arch Communications Inc. case and the valuation done by the Analyst, we believe that there are following issues with valuation which should be examined very closely – 1) Technicality Error in the preparation of the Free Cash Flow: In the FCF prepared by John Adams: Tax and Change in Net Working Capital items cannot be observed. We may assume that, this was done on purpose since both of these values were accepted as â€Å"0† throughout the forecast period. In the absence of knowledge about the details for tax implications in US and the effect of the expected Westlink Holdings acquisition on existing tax base, we accepted the tax assumption made by John Adams as correct. In normal conditions we need to investigate thoroughly the tax issue and the permitted number of years that loss can be carried forward in US. * We think that accepting the â€Å"Change in Net Working Capital† as â€Å"0† throughout the forecast period is a strong assumption.The negative Net Working Capital (for 2005 Current Assets-Current Liabilities = 33,671-49,172 = 15,501 ) structure may change within forecasted period against to company due to increasing competition. But we still continue with the â€Å"0† ? Net Working Capital assumption of John Adams. 2) WACC Estimate: John Adams used the following parameters/assumptions in his WACC calculations: Rf: 7% Market Risk Premium (â€Å"MRM†): 7% Beta Arch: 1. 6 Borrowing Rate: 11% Eqity/Debt Ratio: 40% / 60% And based on these: Re= Rf+ ? Arch x MRP = 7% + 1. 6 x 7% = 18. 2 % WACC = 0. x Re + 0. 6 x Rd and accepted tax shield from cost of debt as â€Å"0† due to the â€Å"0† tax cost of the company during the forecasted period. WACC = 0. 4 x 18. 2% + 0. 6 x 11. 0% = 13. 88% =>13. 9% * In the absence of details about the ? Arch calculation of John Adams we accepted this assumption as accurate. [ Dear All: Please feel free to comment on Beta and cost of debt assumptions, also on 0 tax assumption in WACC calculation] 3) Terminal Value Calculation: John Adams calculated Terminal Value of the company at year 2005 as $3,568m with 10x EBITDA multiple. Although 10xEBITDA multiple seems close to the existing average EV/EBITDA multiple (the average is 10. 6 for the above 6 companies), this multiple reflects the existing company growth/market expectations. A multiple of 10-12 multiple can used for corporations with high growth expectations but it is unusual and flawed to accept the same multiple for Arch Communication even after 10-years. Normally for mature companies using EV/EBITDA multiple in the range of 6-7 times can be more acceptable. * When $854. m PV of Terminal Value is double checked with the calculation method by Perpetual Growth Rate at the 10th Year Free Cash Flow: 3,568=277. 3(13. 9%-g) => g=6. 118%. Assumption of 6. 12% perpetual growth is both unusual and irrational. * It seems that the discounting formula used for calculating t he PV of Terminal Value seems false. It is discounting 1 more year than the actual 9 years. Hence for discounting the PV of Terminal Value at the Year 2005, it is needed to use the discount rate of 0. 3099. * When a usual market practice was used for the growth in perpetuity (for the calculation of TV) i. . 2. 0% => TV=277. 3(13. 9%-2. 0%) x (0. 3099) =>$722m. instead of $854. 1m. 4) Cash Flow Assumptions: When we check the reliability of the assumptions and the cash flows we observe that: * EBITDA margin is increasing from 36. 2% to 46. 9%. We believe that 46. 9% at a maturing market seems very aggressive. * The book value of Fixed Assets (PP&E and Intangible Assets) decreases to $ 52. 2 m. levels at $ 760. 7 m sales figure. We believe that this seems some problematic for us. a. Whether EV/EBITDA is the right method for calculating the terminal value of Arch Communications Inc.? . If at all EV/EBITDA is the right multiple, is it justified to use a multiple of 10x for valuing the te rminal value when it is assumed that the business has achieved a stable perpetual growth rate? c. Is it valid to use FCF and EBITDA simultaneously in calculating the full enterprise value? The valuation at hand calculates the terminal value using EBITDA multiple and value generated over next ten years using FCF d. Even if the business is not generating any profit at all currently, is it valid to assume no taxes even for the rest of the forecasting period? . Is it efficacious to use a WACC of 13. 9%? Problem: Whether EV/EBITDA is the right method for calculating the terminal value of Arch Communications Inc.? Argument: Since the company is highly leveraged, it may be more prudent to value equity just by using Flow to Equity or levered cash flows. The unlevered cash flows and EBITDA may not †¦(CHOON TO ADD) Problem: If at all EV/EBITDA is the right multiple, is it justified to use a multiple of 10x for valuing the terminal value when it is assumed that the business has achieved a stable perpetual growth rate?Argument: The companies who have achieved a stable growth rate do have EV/EBITDA of 10x by any industry standard. A multiple of 10-12x is used for growing organizations but it is not guaranteed that Arch Communication would be a rapidly growing organization even after 10-years. Even if the valuation using EV/EBITDA is validated – it could only be in the range of 6-7x. Currently, the industry standard is of 10x multiple of EV/EBITDA but that is not guaranteed after 10-years Problem: Is it valid to use FCF and EBITDA simultaneously in calculating the full enterprise value?The valuation at hand calculates the terminal value using EBITDA multiple and value generated over next ten years using FCF Argument: We would also prefer to calculate the terminal value using FCF rather than using EBITDA since the value generated in the next 10-years is also calculated using FCF. We believe that FCF would provide with a better approximation of the terminal value. Problem: Even if the business is not generating any profit at all currently, is it valid to assume no taxes even for the rest of the forecasting period? Argument: FCF is calculated as Problem: Is it efficacious to use a WACC of 13. 9%? Argument:

Course Content Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Course Content Portfolio - Essay Example The course objectives described in the Syllabus describe the tangible application of theory as it applies to the health organization. My lesson plan objectives iterate the tangible steps by which these fundamental learnings will be absorbed and discussed. It is not only the structured hierarchies and systems in place that determine human behavior, it is the attitudes, loyalty structures, interpersonal relationship developments, ego versus emotional humility, and even socio-economic differences that distinguish accepted values related to power distance and manager/subordinate relationships. My plan objectives describe the importance of understanding advanced level psychology and social studies in order to achieve the ultimate goal of successfully persevering and thriving amid difficult or challenging health care environments. My secondary objective is to provide students with specific knowledge regarding organizational structure and organizational politics to ensure students recognize the complexity of human relationships. It is necessary to understand the real-life systems and organizational hierarchies that exist and how these have inter-dependencies which directly influence quality of relationships and political authority chains. My main objective is to teach students how to behave in quality and less-than-quality environments, thus giving an emphasis on teaching as it relates to self-restraint, behavioral modification, and professionalism. It flows from the objectives listed on the syllabus by highlighting the specific obligations and responsibilities of the student when dealing with conflict scenarios or stern authority actors in the organization. The Instructional Approach Role playing exercises are the most fundamental method of learning to facilitate the transition from understanding theory to practical application within the health care organization. Role playing creates a story by which student actors are offered diversity in multiple roles of subordin ation and authority. Harris (2007, p. 111) identifies that â€Å"stories resonate with life experiences and remind people of how they fit into their culture and connect to others’ culture.† The University of Wisconsin (1995) further supported that when the student is put into the role of educator, they are more likely to be engaged and achieve comprehension of what is being taught, as was described in the course syllabus. I will be providing a forum for diverse expression within a variety of instructor-led scenarios to improve retention and serve as an assessment tool as to whether or not students are grasping the concepts of transforming theory to application. Role playing also improves empathy toward others, increases confidence and self-esteem, and decreases inhibitions (Parrish, 2004). These are necessary behavior patterns required to exhibit emotional intelligence and restraint when decorum demands it in difficult health care situations and they require my talents to effectively teach. Nourse (1995) offers that students will often embrace the teachings of guest speakers as it enhances classroom variety and adds â€Å"

Reason for decline of trust empathy and civic engagement to us Essay

Reason for decline of trust empathy and civic engagement to us government, influence to democracy and solution - Essay Example In other words, trust and understanding between the government and its people are essential for a country’s government to work well. Moreover, civic engagement is also an essential condition for a country’s healthy political environment. The term civic engagement refers to community’s joining together to be a collective source of change, and which can be political and non-political in their nature and objective (Wikipedia). The positivity of attending community activities can be a way of viewing citizens’ positivity of caring about their country’s politics. However, in recent years, trust, empathy as well as civic engagement have gradually declined between the federal government and US citizens. There are growing negative reasons for the declining for today’s America, and the major reasons can be attributed to citizens’ lack of political knowledge and enthusiasm. When politicians lack efficiency and do not keep good communication with their people, they tend to lose public trust and empathy; and this will affect both the country and the government in the long run. Moreover, media plays a major role in revealing the ugly facet of politics, which makes Americans skeptical about their government. Evidently, both US citizens and the US government officials should be responsible for the declining of trust, empathy and civic engagement prevailing in the country. As for the citizens, Volgy claims that US citizens neither have political knowledge nor they try to understand it. Also, they may not even know about the personal lives of their own political representatives. As Volgy writes,â€Å"Yet few if any citizens have much inkling about the daily lives of those who represent us in the government† (37). Politics is often made much more complex with what we read and watch over media. However, most people have no patience at all to comprehend the situations and support the government in crucial times. People may have many

HITECH Legislation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HITECH Legislation - Research Paper Example nimum requirements for transmitting EHRs as well as auditing and storage of health care records in enhancing efficiency of healthcare systems (Murray et al., 2011). The 2011 study on the use of EHR in respiratory care revealed that the use of Bridge Tech’s Medical Connectivity Solution streams data directly to the EHR interface staging for fast and reliable patient care (Hanlon, 2011). In this regard, the meaningful use of EHR devices facilitates the acquisition and utilization of EHRs in healthcare delivery in organizations. The adoption and implementation of EHRs in respiratory care impacts positively to healthcare service delivery provided in hospitals. The use of Bridge Tech’s plug and play Connectivity Solution acquires data and sends it directly to the clinical validation application thereby facilitating point of care verification of data and signing off by the practitioner. The availability of various kinds of EHR devices stimulates fast and reliable bedside patient care delivery of services. EHR devices with in-built calculations facilitate lung protective strategy calculation, weaning assessment, documentation and record progress in spontaneous breathing trials (SBT). The availability of diverse workflow specific modules addressing various needs in respiratory care such as MediLinks improves health care delivery (Hanlon, 2011). Other positive impacts of using EHRs in hospitals include improved portability of medical information relating to patients as well as efficient delivery of health care services. EHR systems reduce medical errors in relation to the manual keyboarding and transcription of patients’ medical data. Similarly, the use of computerized practitioner order entry (CPOE) as an aspect of health information technology also reduces medical errors on dosage and use of drugs. They also encourage significant savings on cost due to the installation of wireless devices and new software rather than the costly wired interface devices,

International and comparative criminal justice Essay

International and comparative criminal justice - Essay Example This is the way things should be. It is unacceptable for the police to contaminate evidence or obtain it through duress. However, its actual exclusion should rest at the discretion of a judge. This is the correct law and is followed in many common law jurisdictions, while it is less prevalent in civil law jurisdictions. In the course of this essay the rationale for this rule will be examined as will a number of cases and statutes relating to it. It is first important to discuss context. Crime has been an unfortunate aspect of human existence from the beginning of time. Each civilization and country has had to determine a method for dealing with it within their own moral vision. Different approaches to dealing with crime come from different values systems. Everyone is different and believes in different things. For people that believe a criminal is a product of his environment and is not personally responsible for committing of crime, it is likely that resources will be used on rehabi litation and treatment. Imprisonment will play a less important role. But for those who believe individuals are responsible for the things that they do and that if they intend to commit crimes they should be punished, the emphasis is likely to be on punishing or detaining the criminal. These different values play a role in determining how evidence is excluded. These two ways of dealing with crime can be broken up into two models. One will be likely to exclude contaminated evidence in order to preserve the human rights of the criminal, the second model would be much less likely to exclude evidence1. The first is the famous due process model present in most developed countries. The main idea of this model is that an individual should not be deprived of their human rights, even if it is clear that he or she has committed a terrible crime. To put someone in prison is to take away the criminal’s right to liberty. That is a very serious thing. The process must be scrutinized to ens ure that everything is done by the book. At its heart the due process model is the idea that the system would rather see ten guilty people go free than one innocent person in prison. The result of this model is many hours of painstaking work checking evidence and a long time-line of the court case moving slowly through the system. Because, historically, the legal system railroaded individuals by planting false evidence and by abusing human rights, we must be very careful when examining evidence. Permitting contaminated evidence into the legal system would encourage law enforcement officers to commit illicit acts. The due process model would strongly argue to exclude evidence obtained in the course of an abuse of human rights. The second way of looking at criminal justice regarding evidence is the crime control model. This model puts a high value on locking up guilty people. Its aim is to protect society and it tries to do this by detaining as many people as it can as quickly as it c an. Typically, in this model more money is spent on policing and deterring and prosecuting criminals as quickly as possible so that the police and prosecutors can start again quickly on the next group of criminals. If it happens that an innocent person is

Technical feasibility of using forest biomass for energy Term Paper - 1

Technical feasibility of using forest biomass for energy - Term Paper Example Woody feedstock can be utilized to generate power and useful heat energy. Wood pellets are considered as a renewable energy source as it has low moisture content and give a great amount of thermal energy by a controlled combustion. According to the article â€Å"Wood to Energy: Use of the Forest Biomass for Wood Pellets† (2009), the writer states â€Å"Harvesting debris  or logging residues such as tops, limbs, and roots, and forest understory are promising feedstock alternatives for wood pellets†. Forest’s raw wood and wood from the sustainably managed forests can be utilized to produce wood pellets, which can be burnt on a small or large scale to produce energy (TheBioenergySite.com 2009). In the article â€Å"Sustainable Forest Biomass: Promoting Renewable Energy and Forest Stewardship†, Caputo (2009) writes â€Å"In fact, improved markets for woody biomass have potential to reduce costs associated with hazardous fuels reduction, wildlife habitat man agement, ecosystem restoration, and other proactive stewardship activities† (Caputo 2009). Today the feedstock used for the production of pellets comes from pulpwood chips. Logging residues can be a feedstock for the wood pellets (TheBioenergySite.com 2009). Because the smaller size of a pellet, it can be burnt easily and the residue could be utilized as a fertilizer. The residue which is a charcoal is mixed with soil to increase the water holding capacity of the soil. The produced large amount of energy can be utilized generate large amount power. The main factor that is associated with the wood pallets is that the controlled combustion of the wood pellets costs less as compared to any other conversion. Wood pallets can be gasified to produce synthetic gas which can be a simple process. The wood pallets are heated at a certain temperature. The heating of the wood pallets gives wood gas that is highly combustible gas and is capable of replacing natural gas. The wood gas can be utilized to produce steam in the

Introduction of international financial reporting standards(IFRS) in Essay

Introduction of international financial reporting standards(IFRS) in Australia - Essay Example The IASC was established in the year 1973, at London, as an independent private-sector body. It sought to lay down comparable and harmonising standards for accounting, in the context of International Financial Transactions. These set standards were commonly termed under International Accounting Standards (IAS). The membership of the IASC involves about one hundred and forty three organisation in one hundred and four member countries. The main body that undertakes the formulation of a set standard for financial accounting, amongst the member nations, is the IASC Board, comprising sixteen member countries. In the year 2000, on May 20th, the member countries felt the need to renew the IASC structure and unanimously voted in support of the same. This new structure came into force on April 1st, 2001 and was termed the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The new structure comprises two distinct bodies within the IASB, namely, the Trustees and the Board. The trustees perform advisory functions and also raise funds. The Board on the other hand, performs the sole function of setting accounting standards. On the lines of the IAS as enforced by the IASC, the IASB has come up with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as the standards for accounting and financial reporting. Thus, the IFRS is the new standard for accounting and financial reporting, being adopted by the members of the European Union (EU) and other countries like Australia, China, etc. Reasons for its adoption in Australia Global markets have become integrated and extremely inter-dependent due to the increase in multilateral business ventures and investments. Thus, acknowledged and approved standards of accounting facilitate easy trading and also increase the trust factors amidst countries. Australia, too, is no exception to this growing globalisation and growth, since it cannot remain aloof from world activities. Therefore, it needs to adopt the same standards of accounting and financial reporting, as wet by major countries and international organisations. Here are some of the important reasons as to why Australia has adopted the International Financial Reporting Standards: Increased Transparency: IFRS facilitates increased transparency and clarity in global financial undertakings and accounting. Investors can carry forward and implement their investment plans in Australia, without fear of any risks. This would increase Australia's revenue, while also strengthening its multilateral relations. Greater Comparability: Since the IFRS are the global standards set by IASB, there is bound to be greater comparability between the financial reports of Australia, with other

Recruitment Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Recruitment Process - Essay Example The USA Staffing recruiting system has been designed by the federal government to cater for the special and unique requirements as determined by the federal recruitment and staffing. The application process is done online and the applicants can use USAJOBS and the DEA Career Gateway by USA Staffing recruiting system (DEA, 2015). The advantage of the application process is that it is convinient and the applicants can contact the application manager in the event that they have encountered some problems. On the other hand, the applicationprocess to Join Los Angeles Police force begins by downloading an application form which needs to be completed by the applicant. This process is comprised of seven steps. According to Los angeles Police Force website, the first step in the application process involves Preliminary Background Application (PBA) and Job Preview Questionnaire (JPQ) which is completed online. This aims to help the applicant identify issues that help them better understand the force and check if they have the potential to qualify. The second step is The Personal Qualifications Essay (PQE) which is comprised of essay questions related to judgment and decision making and behavioral flexibility and the applicant’s communication skills are also evaluated. The third step involves background investigation and poligraphy examination. This is meant to obtain the applicant’s background information and family members may also be interviewed to obtain this information. The fourth step involves Physical Abilities Test to measure strength as well as capability in terms of performance. The fifth stage involves interviews where the panelists seek to assess your personal accomplishments, motivation communication skills as well as interpersonal skills to see if you are capable of doing the job. The sixth step involves medical and

Glengarry Glen Ross Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Glengarry Glen Ross - Essay Example Jack Lemmon was awarded the Volpi Cup for the best actor on the basis of his acting in this film, even though this film did not make its mark as a commercially successful film (IMDb, 2013). This film is a depiction of two days in the lives of four salesmen who belongs to the real estate business industry. The corporate office acquires and sends a trainer to increase the level of motivation among the four salesmen. The trainer delivers an immensely harsh speech along with tough targets for all of the four in order to remain employed. The whole story is related to the strife of four salesmen to remain employed in their office. The tagline of this film suggests that it is the story of every individual who works for a living (Rovi, 2013). The gigantic forces of politics and power are intrinsically present in this film. This paper is focused on the analysis of the first scene of the film and its association with the power which each character contains. It also presents the description of the scene along with the selection of Williamson as the most powerful character in the scene among all of the other characters. Synopsis The first scene of this film discloses the whole direction of the film, except for the climax, from where the strife of salesmen begins. The film begins with Shelley Levene (a real estate salesman) in a phone booth, struggling to contact the doctor who is dealing with his daughter. The booth next to him becomes occupied by Dave Moss trying to attempt a property sale in Rio Rancho Estates. This happens in a Chinese restaurant located in Chicago. Both men come out of the phone booths and make their way to the men’s restroom with tensed behavioral features. Both men start to complain about the types of leads which were given to them by their company with each other (Ebert, 1992). They exit the restroom where Ricky Roma tends to make a successful sale of real estate to a client at the bar, followed by the return of both men in their office where they confront an excitable company representative. The representative is an arrogant businessman named Blake, sent by the owners of the company to motivate the salesmen. Surprisingly, Blake starts to talk trash with each salesman regarding their poor performance in the past and announces a contest among all four salesmen (Brantley, 2012). The proposed contest contains the prize for the best selling salesman in the form of a Cadillac and also proposes that the least selling salesman will be fired from this office. This gives a shock to all three present salesmen on which they complain about the poor leads which they have been getting from their company. On this point, Blake announces some premium leads for sales which will only be given to the best performing salesman (IMDb, 2013). As the new representative puts every salesman in a struggling strive, Shelley meets the boss of their office (Mr. Williamson) regarding the premium leads which are being kept by him. Shelley asks Williams on to provide him with premium leads by which Shelley can get back on his previous record of being a successful salesman. Shelley tries to bribe Williamson of 10 percent of his profit from the premium leads, after attempting several techniques to persuade him.

Is Illegal Immigration Harmful to the United States Essay Example for Free

Is Illegal Immigration Harmful to the United States Essay â€Å"The mighty tides of immigration†¦ bring to us different languages, opinions, customs, and principles†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Immigration opposing views 26). Immigrants from all over the world contribute to the United States by revitalizing cities, building the economy, and bringing their energizing culture to the bland society of America. About 12 million people in the United States are living illegally (scholastic, New York Times Subtitle) only because of the U. S code title 8 1325, which states that you have committed a federal crime if an improper entry has been attempted by an alien (legal information institute par. 1). Illegal immigration should not be considered harmful to the United Sates; hence, it molds society into a multi cultural and prosperous country. The current immigration policy brings tension to family ties and tears them apart. About one million spouses and children wait daily for visas in hopes of reuniting with their families (immigration opposing views 138-139). In some cases children are left behind in the care of their grandparents or uncles, while their parents go in search of a better job and a new life in order to support their family, or go back to their home country to resume their lives while their children get a better education, which causes many children separation anxiety. A reporter interviewed a 23 year old who now is in the process of becoming legal because of the Dream act. From now on she will be known as subject A. She first came here from Nicaragua legally with her mother on the year of 2001 to spend Christmas with her family. She has an older sister (Subject B) who was already here when subject A arrived. Subject B came to the United States from Nicaragua legally in the year of 1998, as her 15th birthday present, as she was visiting a category 5 Hurricane, known as hurricane Mitch struck all of Central America and the Yucatan peninsula but Honduras and Nicaragua were especially hit hard, on October 22 of 1998 (history par. 2 3), which did not allow her to go back to Nicaragua. As a result of all the damage done by the deadly storm the United States lend a helping hand to those countries in need by granting TPS (temporary protected status) to migrants of those countries. Subject B was eligible to receive TPS on January fifth 1999; she was given an employment authorization document (EAD) and was granted travel authorization if it was needed, as well as the reassurance that she could not be removed from the United States. Subject B was not able to fly out, so she had to stay with her mother’s sister also subjects B aunt (subject D). Subject D as very close with subject A and B; they even sometimes saw them as their second parents. Subject A and C had to fly back home, as Subject A had to return to her regular life, as Subject A approached the age of 13 she was told she had a colon disease which could not be treated in Nicaragua because of the lack of technology advancement. She quickly returned to the United States with her mother. As she stayed for about 3 months, her medical conditions worsened, Subject A’s family came to a mutual decision that she should stay in the care of her aunt (subject D) her uncle and her older sister (subject B). Soon after her mother flew back, and subject A was getting accustomed to the fast pace American life. The validity of her visa card came to an end, and she was now an illegal immigrant. She felt comfortable for only about two to three months, little by little she started to shut down and talked less and started to have pessimistic thoughts about life. Growing up as an illegal immigrant Subject A did not fell indifferent, only because she did not now situation she was in. Everything changed once she entered high school; she did not have the ‘normal teenage’ experience. But as she got older she grew to understand and started to have hatred feeling towards her mother for what she called ‘abandoning’ her and her sister. She grew jealous of certain family members because they growing up with both parents and they were able to go to parks with their dads while she went with her sister or aunt. As other kids were learning how to drive and taking the streets on their own, she was not able to, she had no driver’s license and that’s when she was seen as the ‘weirdo’, both Subject A and B had different responsibilities than just the normal chores. Subject B, while in high school worked because she was given the TPS, but she didn’t have the luxury to spend her pay check on herself, she was to send it to her mother back home in Nicaragua. She was starting to have ideas of wishing her mom would supply her financially instead of her, as she saw her teenage friends buy the trendiest clothes while she used thrift shopped clothing items. Subject B had a different experience than her younger sister besides everything, because she was older and was able to build a mother daughter relationship. In school Subject B would be bullied and sometimes harassed, what she saw as jokes because of her lack of understanding for the English language were actually meant as hurtful remarks, which lead her to become insecure about herself and her life. Subject A saw it as betrayal from her mother’s side, and she would have wished her mom was there to experience her first date, prom and several other high school milestones. Not only that but she was rejected from several colleges and universities because she was an undocumented immigrant. She grew frustrated, because she was brought up into a family that saw education as the only thing the government or your peers can’t take away from you, so she was always the top of her class, graduating with a 3. 97 GPA. Just to know that all those study halls, sleepless nights, and put down hangouts with her friends were in the end worth nothing. She was not able to qualify for scholarships, as a legal immigrant would be granted with the grades she acquired. Because of her situation she was charged as an international student, when her life was very well seen as the ‘American’ one. As she saw she had no hopes in enrolling into her dream university she entered a technical school, Robert P. Morgan. She was able to study in there for a few months as a business administrator for a few semesters because of the grants the government would gift certain community colleges to help man young adults in Subject A’s situation. She was later kicked out of the school because of the many budget cuts. Subject A felt as if her hands were tied to her back and she could not do anything to further her future, while she saw her friends and family move on with their lives. Her dreams were shuttered and many doors were closed in her face until they government would pass a bill aiding many illegal young adults in the education aspect of life, which in the 90’s it was not even thought of. As a result they both look back on their experience and are thankful for it. They have grown from it to become independent. Subject A has now been eligible for a driver’s license, id, and work permit because of the Dream Act, thanks to the endless protests and inspiring words of illegal high school and college students along with their teachers, mentors and peers. Once she is done with the lengthened process she will finish school, and hopefully in the near future will open a business that will give kids a helping hand, if it is only by giving them a shoulder to lean on o someone to talk to. As when she was growing up, her community discriminated against ‘aliens’. She would like to show them and lead them through different routes other than the one which many teenagers fall into; ingesting drugs, theft. Subject B did not have as many struggles as Subject A, she was able to wok a well paying job, and did not have to use public transportation everyday to get to and from work. She is now a single parent attending school to acquire her master’s degree in business administration, with a six year old attending kindergarten, which she is proud to know she can share her story with when he reaches and understandable age. Both subject and Subject B are strong believers of the idea that even though adults are not granted a legal life in the United States, illegal children should be. Because by denying them a legal status in this country you are shutting down possible opportunities of them ever having a proper education, a well paying job, and the future they deserve, not only because children are the future for this world but because they do not decide how they are going to live at the age of six. In other cases, parents are the ones who struggle financially and emotionally. Many are willing to leave their families in stable hands to come to the United States crossing borders in dark nights where the only light seen is the moonlight, just to make sure food is being placed every night and day at the dining table, and that their children have clothes to put on their backs. Many adults face discrimination when it comes to jobs, they are given low wages because many employers are aware that their employees are desperate for a job. Furthermore they are faced with abuse and harassment, which many are scared of the consequences if they report their employers, so they tolerate the mistreatment. Others go to sleep with regrets, thinking that maybe if they would have waited they could have found better opportunities, selling illegal drugs at a local corner they would have made it out better. Not only do they face hardships once they have been ‘settles down’ but also while they are crossing borders, many immigrants running away from patrols during their crossings are beaten with batons, fists or even their feet. Others are being tortured in their jail cells by being denied water or food, and many times they are sexually abused by border patrols (immigration opposing viewpoints pg 130-131). Usually the local residents of Arizona and Texas which tend to be Native Americans or anti- immigration citizens do not agree with the ‘felony’, but even though they have committed a crime by chasing the ‘American dream’ they have heard so much about, in an illegal way because it was their only option since all their other doors have been closed, they should not be treated like animals (immigration opposing viewpoints pg. 130-131). They have not taken a life away from the earth; they are only on a search for a better life. Many local residents decide to take matter into their hands and go ‘immigrant hunting’ as a recreational activity, which consists of gong late at night searching for immigrants crossing the border which they can target with their rifles (immigration opposing viewpoints pg. 130-131). Many of the patrol officers are thankful for all the ‘help’ the residents of the area have given them (immigration opposing viewpoints pg. 130-131) Many American citizens tend to see immigration as nothing but a disgrace to this Country. But there are others that strongly disagree. Illegal Immigrants revamp the economy by adding an extra 50 billion dollars of federal income taxes to the economy in the years of 1993 to 2003 (procon. org par. 11). A lot of citizens believe that by abolishing and making several laws to remove illegal immigrants out of this country will only make it better, but by several researches it has been proved that it will only make it worse, annually aliens contribute about 625 billion dollars, in sales tax, home rents, and utility payments (scholastic magazine par. 8). Usually the government just brings new technology to replace several problems in society but this is one is irreplaceable. Americans have to big of an ego to do jobs like clean toilets, work in construction or coal mines, all the work the call ‘scum work’, and these types of jobs are necessary, and illegal immigrants are willing to do it without complaints. Even though there are good amount of aliens that did not obtain doctorate degrees, much less are wealthy, but they do have patience, gratitude and most of all common sense, which gets the work that is looked down upon done. Many media circuits tend to believe that illegal immigrants do nothing but bring down the wages of American citizens, many are yet to be proved right. There are several statistics to prove that this is just false, also as logic and common sense when one gets a hold of something better they will not let go, they will fight for it. Some do receive low wages because they are forced to, but they will not go down without a fight. It might be hard to gain raises for them, but as they have been grown up to believe they will not give up. Sometimes America tends to forget that to empower their economy they need cheap labor. Not only that, but if you were to be unemployed all the aliens, there would still be more than 1. 4 million jobs opened, which cannot be left untaken. There are 8. 1 million illegal immigrants and 7. 5 million unemployed Americans (Houston chronicle 2008). Even if they were to build the highest walls, cannot deny that they need them, the market is talking (Houston chronicle 2008). Employers, men of affairs and industry leaders say immigrants are not a curse they are a blessing. They are still needed for industrial and commercial development, and credit should be given to them for the art they are playing in American industries. Consequently, they should be able to receive certain benefits and be able to use their gaining’s freely, even though many American that live in the immigration zone can say otherwise, it is only common sense to have equality (immigration opposing viewpoints pg. 83). The idea of having open borders throughout the United States scares many, because it may open doors to terrorists and the ones who want to do harm. The rate of illegal immigration is increasing rapidly, which may cause corruption, unless immigrants keep in touch with the technology and ideas of the government (immigration opposing viewpoints pg. 31). The problem seems to be keeping the wrong people out and not letting too many people in (pg. 174), that’s when the idea of putting up a wall seems comforting. â€Å"Immigrants come here to realize the American dream; terrorists come to destroy it† (pg. 174). Terrorists come from all over the world to cause harm to those living in peace, and because of the tragic event that occurred on September 11, it has ruined many opportunities of a bill passing that will legalize illegal aliens. The best thing to do is to allow immigrants into this country but stronger restrictions should come into play, that way the welfare status of the country is safe from fraud (pg. 31-41). By adding regulations it offers all (immigrants and non-immigrants) a comfortable way of living (pg. 31-41). Because certain events have given immigrants a bad representation, they are not welcomed, and the government thinks they have found a solution to their problem by building a wall keeping all the ‘unwanted’ out. The border would cost about 1. 2 million dollars per mile for it to come to life. The wall will have an annual cycle of 25 years, which will cost anywhere from 1. 64 to 70 million dollars to keep it standing (procon. org little did you know? ). Much of this money will come from taxpayers who include teachers, small business owners, and many employees with low income wages. Money will be taken out from their already invisible paycheck to set up a barrier for people who are trying to give a better life to their family by working. As seen to millions of dollars will be needed to withhold the ‘wall’ so many people are willing to put up, and these people are known to be big business owners, the ones that are well off, who don’t mind to pay for something with that high of the cost but they tend to forget about the ones that are already having a bad time as it is. Opening up the borders, will give an immense boost to the economy in the United States because of tourism, work and visitation, and as a result all the bad effects of illegal immigration will soon go away (Latino Americans and immigration laws 2006). The Idea of the U. S. being a melting pot has worn off and is now to be said it is a mosaic, because many newcomers and Natives prefer to keep their own heritages and to mix them than to give up on their traditions in order to adapt to the ‘normal American’ one (Latino Americans and immigration laws pg. 12-13). The United States of America has been known to have a foundation and to be a country of immigrants. Most seem to have been taught that the U. S. was first a British colony, when historians strongly disagree and state that â€Å"it is very clear that Spanish settlers were the first Europeans to have a colony permanently in North America† (pg. 34). Because the United States has been seen as a country of immigrants it is strange to many that there have been several disagreements on whether America should accept foreign born citizens (immigration opposing viewpoints pg. 69). Immigration from all over the world is what keeps the U. S. rowing, a regular American women has an average of 1. 93 children throughout her whole lf time with a replacement rate of 2. 1. With immigrants the U. S. population in 2050 would be 397 million without it would be 328 million. Without immigration illegal or legal the American population will shrink little by little (pg. 82-83). Denying immigrants contradicts the base this country was founded on; as a result we should extend the same welcome to them as our ancestors extended to us (pg. 139). Illegal immigrants should not be seen as harm to the United States; hence it mold society into a multicultural and prosperous country. Due to all the research there should be no doubt that immigration in general, is needed because of the mere fact that it revitalizes out cities, boosts our economy, adds an energizing culture and reinsures our basic values. If one was being persecuted because of basic right like religion and freedom of speech or equalities one should already have or just to chase the infamous ‘American dream’, would you like to be seen as criminal that has committed a felony for something anyone would do if they were to walk a mile in one of the citizens shoes that lives in a underdeveloped country? Several illegal immigrants have devoted their lives to this one country because they have hope for this country and their families, as a result they should be seen and be given equal rights especially those who have not committed any other crime than the one of entering this country illegally.

Controlling Of The Human Behaviour Philosophy Essay

Controlling Of The Human Behaviour Philosophy Essay The simply way out is to distribute with the industrial-technological scheme on the whole. This implies insurrection, not essentially an armed revolution, excluding surely a radical as well as fundamental modify in the natural world of society. Citizens tend to take for granted that because a insurrection involves a lot better change than reform does, it is more hard to carry about than reform is. In fact, below certain circumstances revolution is a lot easier than reform. The cause is that an innovative movement can motivate an intensity of obligation that a reform organization cannot inspire. A reform movement simply offers to resolve a exacting social difficulty A innovative movement offers to resolve all trouble at one stroke as well as produce a entire new world; it provides the type of ideal for which citizens will take huge risks plus make great sacrifices. In support of this reasons it would be a lot easier to bring down the entire technological system than to put effectual, everlasting restraints on the growth of request of any one division of technology, such as inherited engineering, however under suitable circumstances huge numbers of citizens may offer themselves single-mindedly to a insurrection aligned with the industrial-technological system. Reformers looking for to limited sure aspects of technology would be operational to avoid a negative result. Although revolutionaries work to increase an authoritative prize completion of their revolutionary vision as well as therefore work harder plus more constantly than reformers do. Reform is constantly reserved by the terror of hurting consequences if changes go too faraway. Other than once a revolutionary passion has taken clasp of a society, citizens are ready to experience unlimited hardships intended for the sake of their insurgency. This was obviously shown in the French as well as Russian Revolutions. It might be that in such personal belongings just a minority of the populace is really dedicated to the revolution, however this minority is satisfactorily large as well as active so that it becomes the leading force in society. As the establishment of civilization, prepared societies have had to place pressures on human beings of the sake of the performance of the social creature. The kinds of pressures vary really from one society to one more. A number of the pressures are substantial, several are psychological. In the history, human natural history has been about constant or at whichever rate has diverse just within positive bounds. Therefore, societies have been capable to push citizens merely up to certain restrictions. While the perimeter of human patience has been passed, things begin going incorrect: insurgence, or crime, or corruption, or avoidance of work, or despair along with other mental trouble, or an important death velocity, or a flagging birth rate or somewhat else, so that moreover the society breaks downwards, or its execution becomes too incompetent as well as it is (rapidly or gradually, from side to side conquest, eating away or evolution) replaces by a number of extra well-organized fo rm of society. Thus human character has in the history put certain restrictions on the growth of societies. Citizens could be pressed just so far as well as no farther. Except today this might be changing, for the reason that modern technology is developing means of modifying human beings. Visualize a society that subjects citizens to circumstances that make them terribly gloomy, as well as after that gives them the drugs to get away their sadness. It is previously experience to various extents in society. It is glowing known that the tempo of clinical hopelessness had been deeply increasing in current decades. It is supposed that this is appropriate to disturbance for the authority procedure. But still if one is in the wrong, the rising rate of depression is surely the consequence of a number of conditions that survive in todays society. as an alternative of removing the situation that make citizens depressed, contemporary society gives them antidepressant drugs. In consequence, antidepressants region a means of modifying an individuals interior state in such a technique as to allow him to stand social circumstances that he would or else find impossible. Drugs that have an effect on the mind are only one instance of the methods of domineering human activities that con temporary society is developing. Let us come across at a number of the other methods. To start off with, there are the techniques of observation. Hidden video cameras are at the present used in most stores as well as in many other places, computers are old to collect as well as process vast amounts of in sequence with reference to individuals. Information so obtained very much increase the efficiency of physical compulsion (i.e., law enforcement).Then convenient are the methods of misinformation, intended for which the mass communication media give effectual vehicles. Well-organized techniques have been developed for charming elections, selling commodities, influencing public view. The entertainment industry serves as a significant psychological instrument of the system, perhaps yet at what time it is dishing out huge amounts of sex along with violence. Entertainment provides contemporary man with an vital means of get away. Although fascinated in television, videos, and so on, they can not remember stress, anxiety, aggravation, dissatisfaction. A lot of primitive working class, while they dont have work to do, are rather contented to sit intended for hours at a time performance nothing at all, on behalf of the reason that they are at peace by means of themselves as well as their world. But mainly modern citizens must be continuously engaged or entertained, or else they get bored, i.e., they acquire fidgety, anxious, bad-tempered. Other techniques hit deeper that the previous. Education is no longer a easy affair of paddling a kids at the back when they doesnt know his lessons along with patting him on the head while they does know them. It is suitable a scientific technique intended for overprotective the childs development. Sylvan Learning Centres, for instance, have had huge achievement in exciting children to study, plus psychological techniques are also used among more or not as much of success in a lot of conservative schools. Parenting techniques that are qualified to parents are intended to make children believe fundamental standards of the system as well as behave in habits that the system finds attractive. Mental health programs, interference techniques, psychotherapy along with so forth are apparently designed to promote individuals, but in preparation they more often than not serve as methods for suggest individuals to think plus perform as the system requires. Child mistreatment in its gross as we ll as understandable forms is disapproved in mainly if not every one cultures. Tantalizing a child intended for a unimportant reason or no reason at all is a little that appals approximately everyone. But a lot of psychologists interpret the idea of abuse little more broadly. Is spanking, when worn as part of a sensible as well as reliable system of regulation, a structure of abuse? The question will eventually be determined by whether or not perfect tends to create behaviour that makes a being fit in well by means of the existing system of society. In preparation, the phrase abuse tends to be interpreted to comprise some method of child-rearing that produces performance not convenient for the system. Accordingly, when they go further than the avoidance of obvious, pointless cruelty, programs for preventing child abuse are concentrating toward the control of human performance of the system. Most probably, research will carry on increasing the efficiency of psychological techniques intended for overprotective human behaviour. However it is consideration to be unlikely that psychological techniques unaccompanied will be enough to regulate human beings to the type of society that expertise is creating. Biological methods almost certainly will have to be used. The study has previously mentioned the use of drugs in this association. Neurology might provide other avenues of modifying the human intelligence. Genetic engineering of human beings is previously beginning to happen in the appearance of gene therapy, as well as there is no motive to assume such methods will not finally be used to adjust those aspects of the remains that have an effect on mental functioning. Manufacturing society seems probable to be towards the inside a period of severe pressure, due in fraction to trouble of human behaviour as well as in part to economic plus environmental trouble. Along with a substantial amount of the systems economic as well as environmental effort result from the technique human beings act. Alienation, low self-worth, depression, aggression, rebellion; children who wont study, childhood gangs, against the law drug use, rape, child abuse , other crimes, dangerous sex, teen pregnancy, inhabitants growth, political corruption, race detestation, racial rivalry, bitter ideological disagreement (i.e., pro-choice vs. pro-life), opinionated extremism, terrorism, damage, anti-government groups, revulsion groups. All these intimidate the very continued existence of the system. The system will be strained to use each practical resources of controlling human behaviour. The social disturbance that can be seen today is surely not the consequence of simple chance. It can only be a effect for the situation of life that the system imposes on citizens. If the systems do well in impressive sufficient manage over human behaviour to guarantee its own continued existence, a new division in human history will have approved. Whereas previously the restrictions of human staying power have required restrictions on the development of societies, industrial-technological society will be capable to go by those restrictions by modifying human beings, whether by psychological methods otherwise biological methods or together. In the prospect, social systems will not be familiar to outfit the needs of human beings. In its place, human being will be familiar to ensemble the needs of the system. Usually speaking, technological manage over human behaviour will almost certainly not be introduced with a authoritarian meaning or even from side to side a conscious longing to restrict human independence. Every new step in the declaration of control in excess of the human mind will be taken as a based on reason response to a trouble that faces society, for instance curing alcoholism, reducing the crime velocity or suggest young people to study science plus engineering. In a lot of cases, there will be humanitarian explanation. Such as, when a psychiatrist prescribes an anti-depressant intended for a depressed patient, obviously doing that person a favour. It would be inhumane to hold back the drug starting an important person who needs it. When parentà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s placement their kids to Sylvan Learning Centres to have them manipulated into attractive excited about their studies, they do so on or after concern for their childrens interests. It can be that a qu antity of these parents desire that one didnt have to have particular training to get a job as well as that their kid didnt have to be brainwashed into becoming a computer nerd. However what can they do? They cant change society, as well as their child might be unemployable if he doesnt have positive skills. So they post him to Sylvan. Therefore control in excess of human behaviour will be introduced not by a intended decision of the establishment but through a procedure of social development (fast evolution, however). The procedure will be not possible to resist, for the reason that each advance, careful by it, will come into view to be valuable, or at smallest amount the evil concerned in making the press forward will come into view to be beneficial, or at smallest amount the evil concerned in creation the advance will appear to be less than that which would result since not making it. Propaganda such as is used for a lot of good purposes, such as off-putting child abuse or race hatred. Sex education is visibly useful, yet the result of sex education (to the amount that it is successful) is to take the determining of sexual attitudes absent from the family as well as put it into the hands of the state as represented through the public school system. Assume a biological attribute is discovered that increases the probability that a child will raise up to be a criminal plus suppose some sort of genetic material therapy can take out this trait. Of course most parents whose children contain the trait will have them experience the therapy. It would be inhumane to do or else, since the child would almost certainly have a depressed life if he grew up to be a criminal. Except many or largely primitive societies have a small crime rate in assessment with that of society, still though they have neither modern methods of child-rearing nor insensitive systems of punishment. Because there is no motive to presume that more modern men than primitive men have native greedy tendencies, the high crime rate of society must be due to the pressures that contemporary conditions put on people, to which a lot of cannot or will not adjust. Thus a action designed to remove possible criminal tendencies is at smallest amount in part a way of re-engineering citizens so that they suit the desires of the system. The society tends to look upon as a sickness several mode of deliberation or behaviour that is not convenient for the system as well as this is reasonable for the reason that when an individual doesnt fit into the system it causes hurt to the person as well as trouble for the system. Thus the direction of a person to regulate him to the organization is seen as a cure intended for a sickness as well as therefore as good. The study and points out that if the use of a original item of technology is originally optional, it does not automatically remain non-compulsory, because the innovative technology tends to modify society in such a means that it becomes hard or not possible for an individual to purpose without by means of that technology. This applies also to the knowledge of human behaviour. In a humankind in which mainly children are put through a program to make them excited in relation to studying, a parent will approximately be forced to put his kid throughout such a program, for the reason that if he does not, subsequently the kid will grow up to be, moderately speaking, an ignoramus as well as therefore unemployable. Or expect a biological behaviour is exposed that, without unwanted side-effects, will very much reduce the psychological stress as of which so many citizens suffer in their society. Conclusion: If huge numbers of citizens choose to experience the treatment, then the universal level of stress in society will be concentrated, so that it will be probable intended for the system to augment the stress-producing pressures. Actually, a little like this seems to have happened by now with one of the societys mainly important psychological equipment for enabling citizens to reduce (or at least temporarily run away from) stress, namely, mass activity. Use of mass activity is optional: No law requires us to watch TV, pay attention to the radio, read magazines. Up till now mass activity is a means of escape as well as stress-reduction on which mainly of us have become dependent relative. Everybody complains concerning the trashiness of TV, but approximately everyone watches it. A small number of have kicked the TV habit, except it would be a uncommon person who could acquire along today with no by means of some form of mass activity. Without the entertainment industry the organization a lmost certainly would not have been capable to get absent with putting as a great deal stress-producing stress on us as it does.

Occlusal Stent Construction Research

Occlusal Stent Construction Research Initial examination was carried out consisting of evaluation the periodontal condition of the teeth. After selecting the suitable patients for the study, all of them received supra gingival scaling and polishing with a good motivation and instruction in oral hygiene measures including brushing, using dental floss and interproximal brushes as indicated and demonstration was given to them about the work of perio Q gel and it’s application . An alginate impression was taken and an occlusal stent was constructed for each patient. After completion of the occlusal stent construction, the patient was recalled again and this was considered the first visit. In this visit the clinical periodontal examination was carried out for the selected sites and it included the following parameters: Plaque Index (PLI) :- (Silness and Loe 1964) A periodontal probe was used after air drying of the teeth and the selected sites were examined for plaque. The periodontal probe was gently passed along the gingival crevice. The criteria was the following: Score 0: No plaque in the gingival area. Score 1: A film of plaque adhering to the free gingival margin and adjacent area of the tooth surface, which cannot be seen with the naked eye but only by using disclosing solution or by using probe. Score 2: Moderate accumulation of soft deposits within the gingival pocket, on the gingival margin and or adjacent tooth surface which can be seen by naked eye. Score 3: Abundance of soft matter within the gingival pocket and or on the gingival margin and adjacent tooth. Gingival Index (GI): (Loe, 1967). The occurrence of gingival inflammation was assessed using the criteria of gingival index system Score 0: Normal gingiva. Score 1: Mild inflammation, slight change in color, slight edema, and no bleeding on probing Score 2: Moderate inflammation, redness and glazing, bleeding on probing. Score 3: Severe inflammation, marked redness and ulceration, tendency to spontaneous bleeding. Bleeding on Probing (BOP) :- (Carranza, 2012). A blunt periodontal probe inserted to the bottom of the periodontal pocket/sulcus and is moved gently along the root surface. If bleeding occurred within 30 seconds after probing, the site was given positive score (1), and a negative score (0) for the non-bleeding site Probing Pocket Depth (PPD): (Lindhe et al.,1998) The probing pocket depth was measured with a Williams periodontal probe at four sites of all teeth on (mesial, buccal, distal and lingual), the distance from gingival margin to the most apical extent of the probe inserted parallel to the long axis of the tooth to the nearest millimeter (mm) was recorded only for the sites exhibiting probing depth of (5-8)mm. Relative Attachment Level (RAL): The occlusal stent was adjusted to fit the teeth, then vertical grooves or holes corresponding to the probed site were made using rotary fissure bur, these grooves provided a fixed reference mark for probe insertion and angulation. The stent was putted on the occlusal surfaces to cover half or 2/3 of the crown. The distance from the base of the pocket to the lower border of the stent at the base of the groove was considered as the RAL. The measurement was made to the nearest mm . The clinical periodontal recordings were repeated after 3 and 6 weeks. Treatments After recording of all periodontal parameters for the selected sites, the patient mouth was splitted into three quadrants, each quadrant received different treatment modality and as follows: Initial visit (1stday): patient selection, supra gingival scaling, alginate impression, motivation, instruction. . Gel group: 111 sites in this group received intra pocket application of perio Q gel. The selected sites were isolated by cotton rolls and dried the teeth by air, and then dried the pockets by paper point size (30, 35, 40, and 45).the application of the gel was made using disposable syringe of 5ml. the sharp tip of needle was removed by rotary bur to avoid hurting the gingival tissue and smoothened it, then 1 ml of the gel was pulled by the syringe and the needle gently placed down through the pocket until it reach to the bottom of the pockets then placed the gel while worked the way up until the gingival margin. Each pocket was received a range of (0.1-0.3) ml., the excess gel oozing from the pockets was removed by Cotton rolls The patients were instructed to avoid spitting, washing, eating and drinking for 2 hours of the gel application. Toothbrush and interdental aids should paused of the day after the gel application. Combination group: 106 sites in this group received scaling and root planing, then after one hour, the patient examined if there was no blood oozing,then the gel applied as was described previously. If not, the patient was referred to the next day. Scaling and root planning group: 106 sites in this group received scaling and root planning only. Pilot study To perform intra examiner calibration and inter examiner calibration with clinical periodontal parameters used in this study (PLI, GI, BOP, PPD, RALI), a pilot study was carried out in Department of periodontics, College of Dentistry, Baghdad University. It was carried at about four weeks before the conduction of the actual project on two subject with twelve-sites. The intra examiner calibration was repeated after an appropriate period (usually 2-4 weeks) to resolve any memory bias. While the inter examiner calibration was repeated by another trained professional at the same time. The consistency (calibration) should be at least 90% and if it is low, the measurement should be repeated. Statistical Analysis Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS 16 for windows8 (statistical package for social science) and excel 2013.both descriptive and inferential analyses Descriptive Statistics Tables (Range, Frequencies and Percentage) Arithmetic Mean Standard Deviation Mean Difference. Median Minimum and Maximum Graphical Presentation by Bar Charts and Scattered Plots. Inferential Statistics There was used to accept or reject the statistical hypotheses, which included: Analysis of Variance Test(ANOVA) One Way Student t-Test for equality of means of two independent groups. Wilcoxon Signs rank test Mann Whitney U Test References Lindhe J Karring T Lang N. Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. 3rd edition. Copenhagen, Munksgaard,1998 LÃ ¶e, H. The Gingival Index, the Plaque Index and the Retention Index Systems. Journal of Periodontology, Vol. 38, No. 6 (November-December 1967), pp. 610-616. Silness J, Loe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand 1964;22:112-135

Dystopia in Fahrenheit 451 :: Fahrenheit 451 Essays

Dystopia in Fahrenheit 451 Just by reading the first few lines of the opening paragraph of Fahrenheit 451, we get the feeling of a dystopia right away. Firemen burning books, instead of putting out fires that start in homes. Who ever heard of that? <AVOID USINING QUESTIONS, THEY WAEKEN THE PAPER.> This is crazy thinking right off the start, yet Bradbury carries us through as if we are travelers to this time and place. We are the unseen eyes that see the cataclysmic events that turn Guy Montag's life upside down. We watch him rise, then fall, then meet with outsiders like himself. We watch, how fugitives are tracked down using a mechanical dog, and how people love to watch the chase on their "off the wall" television sets. Could this be how Bradbury thinks our society is going to turn into? Maybe not as drastic, but maybe the censorship could happen, couldn't it? <I WAS UNDER THE IMPRSSION THAT THIS WAS SUPPOSED TO BE A FORMAL PAPER, NOT AN OPINION PAPER.> Ray Bradbury is compared to Arthur C. Clarke as a "poetic science fiction writer" (Watt). This is so, because Bradbury takes a more elegant path to laying out his dystopia. People in his story are so into the now, and pleasure for the moment, that they forget the morals and ethics they came from, because they are clouded by smoke. <EXPLAIN WHAT YOU MWAN BY SMOKE.> Take for instance the wall-sized televisions. This became the populace's way of interacting with others without physically interacting with them. People on FURTURISTIC TELEVISION were your "family", who would keep you company and be your "friend". Still, a place where books were burned and houses were supposedly "fireproof", you have to admit this world is out of whack.<THIS SENTANCE IS SLANG AND MEANS VERY LITTLE.> If we look at Montag's wife for instance, we see how entrenched people have become AND just WANT TO BE happy,t carrying NONE for what happens to the ideas that are in books. I thin k Bradbury is trying to tell us not to rely TOO heavily on technology or it will consume us. In the future we may take books for granted, because they are the essence of free speech, and free ideologies. By HAVING the books burned, people forget, and have nothing to trace back, only leaving what is THE PRESESNT REALITY.

Charles Augustin Coulomb :: biographies biography bio

Missing Figures and Images During the life of Charles Augustin Coulomb, he would play important roles in the developments in physics, engineering, and experimental instruments. Coulomb was born in 1736 in the Languedoc region of France, but spent much of his early life in Paris and Montpellier. In 1760, at the age of 24 he was accepted into Ecole du Genie, an army engineering school in France. Once he was completed with school, he was first deployed to Brest as a military engineer. In 1764 he was sent to Martinique in the West Indies. There he was put in charge of building the new Fort Bourbon to attempt to make the island more secure. While in the West Indies, Coulomb would demonstrate his engineering skills and technical knowledge which he would later recall in his memoirs. The weather of Martinique was not hospitable to Coulomb, with him being ill much of his tour of duty. After nine years he was forced to return to France because these health issues. Upon returning to France Coulomb would take an interest in the recent research concerning electricity. Which would eventually lead to the development of the torsion balance and the discovery of the relation which would become known as Coulomb's Law. When Coulomb began his research into electric force (which would become known as Coulomb's law), Newton's law of universal gravitation had already discovered. As it would turn out electrical forces would parallel Newton's discovery in many ways. With both Coulomb's law and Newton's law of universal gravitation being proportional to inverse squared relationships. Coulomb's work would become one of the first cases where electric charge was measured quantitatively. In the 1740's electricity was beginning to become well know. By the 1750's, Benjamin Franklin's had shown that lightning was an electrical phenomenon thereby proving that that electricity did exist in nature. Franklin's work became an inspiration to others and spawned research into the study of electricity and measurement of it. Instruments which could indicate electricity had existed since the 1730's, however these tools did not approach real qualitative measurements. John Canton introduced an improved electrical indicator in 1753. Others such as Tiberius Cavallo of Italy concentrated their efforts atmospheric electricity, producing tools which could indicate the presence of electricity, but were a long way from quantitative measurements. Charles Augustin Coulomb :: biographies biography bio Missing Figures and Images During the life of Charles Augustin Coulomb, he would play important roles in the developments in physics, engineering, and experimental instruments. Coulomb was born in 1736 in the Languedoc region of France, but spent much of his early life in Paris and Montpellier. In 1760, at the age of 24 he was accepted into Ecole du Genie, an army engineering school in France. Once he was completed with school, he was first deployed to Brest as a military engineer. In 1764 he was sent to Martinique in the West Indies. There he was put in charge of building the new Fort Bourbon to attempt to make the island more secure. While in the West Indies, Coulomb would demonstrate his engineering skills and technical knowledge which he would later recall in his memoirs. The weather of Martinique was not hospitable to Coulomb, with him being ill much of his tour of duty. After nine years he was forced to return to France because these health issues. Upon returning to France Coulomb would take an interest in the recent research concerning electricity. Which would eventually lead to the development of the torsion balance and the discovery of the relation which would become known as Coulomb's Law. When Coulomb began his research into electric force (which would become known as Coulomb's law), Newton's law of universal gravitation had already discovered. As it would turn out electrical forces would parallel Newton's discovery in many ways. With both Coulomb's law and Newton's law of universal gravitation being proportional to inverse squared relationships. Coulomb's work would become one of the first cases where electric charge was measured quantitatively. In the 1740's electricity was beginning to become well know. By the 1750's, Benjamin Franklin's had shown that lightning was an electrical phenomenon thereby proving that that electricity did exist in nature. Franklin's work became an inspiration to others and spawned research into the study of electricity and measurement of it. Instruments which could indicate electricity had existed since the 1730's, however these tools did not approach real qualitative measurements. John Canton introduced an improved electrical indicator in 1753. Others such as Tiberius Cavallo of Italy concentrated their efforts atmospheric electricity, producing tools which could indicate the presence of electricity, but were a long way from quantitative measurements.

The United States’ Failure of Battling International Terrorism under Clinton’s Administration :: History Terror Argumentative Persuasive Papers

The United States’ Failure of Battling International Terrorism under Clinton’s Administration In the wake of the September 11 tragedy, Osama bin Laden once again rang the bell across the North America continent, reminding the Americans of his existence and fatalness. Bin Laden has been quiet for a while after the United States’ bombing in Sudan and Afghanistan in 1998 – a retaliation against his followers’ attacks of the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, and a mere attempt to stop international terrorism by the Clinton’s administration. By demolishing the World Trade Centre and part of the pentagon with four hijacked domestic aircrafts on September 11, 2001, bin Laden has proven Clinton’s attempt a tragic failure – that it was simply a timeout to the terrorist â€Å"jihad† against the Americans. Thirteen days after the terrorist attack of the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, Operation Infinite Reach was launched with the approval of a select group of senior advisors from President Clinton’s administration. Numerous Tomahawk Cruise Missiles were sent from U.S. submarines and warships to selected targets in Sudan and Afghanistan. The retaliation, though backed up by many claimed evidence and urge from the administration, has drawn many serious local and international criticisms. These criticisms were raised mostly against the effectiveness and the justification of the military action. With its failure to stop Osama bin Laden from plotting his â€Å"jihad† against the Americans, Operation Infinite Reach seems to have proven most of the criticisms correct. One problem with the bombings of Sudan and Afghanistan is that they were highly ineffective in achieving its intended goal to battle terrorism. The outcome of the bombings has perhaps made its ineffectiveness self-explanatory – the Cruise Missiles were late for an hour to hit bin Laden in the Zhawar Kili Al-Badr Camp near Khoust, Afghanistan. Even though Clinton’s Defensive Secretary Cohen claimed that killing bin Laden was not one of their designs, the failure to root bin Laden and his followers out was obvious. Reports from Afghanistan showed that only less than a hundred members of Al Qaeda were killed or wounded during the attack, and Taliban officials later confirmed that bin Laden has fled the bombing site uninjured. Leaving no serious damage to bin Laden’s terrorist group, the retaliation seemed to have done too little to combat terrorism against the United States.

Zoe’s Tale PART I Chapter Seven

Here's what I did when my dad took me down to Phoenix: I visited my own grave. Clearly, this needs an explanation. I was born and lived the first four years of my life on Phoenix. Near where I lived, there is a cemetery. In that cemetery is a headstone, and on that headstone are three names: Cheryl Boutin, Charles Boutin and Zoe Boutin. My mother's name is there because she is actually buried there; I remember being there for her funeral and seeing her shroud put into the ground. My father's name is there because for many years people believed his body was there. It's not. His body lies on a planet named Arist, where he and I lived for a time with the Obin. There is a body buried here, though, one that looks like my father and has the same genes as he does. How it got there is a really complicated story. My name is there because before my father and I lived on Arist, he thought for a time that I had been killed in the attack on Covell, the space station he and I had lived on. There was no body, obviously, because I was still alive; my father just didn't know it. He had my name and dates carved into the headstone before he was told I was still around. And so there you have it: three names, two bodies, one grave. The only place where my biological family exists, in any form, anywhere in the universe. In one sense, I'm an orphan, and profoundly so: My mother and father were only children, and their parents were dead before I was born. It's possible I have second cousins twice removed somewhere on Phoenix, but I've never met them and wouldn't know what to say to them even if they existed. Really, what do you say? â€Å"Hi, we share about four percent of our genetic makeup, let's be friends†? The fact is, I'm the last of my line, the last member of the Boutin family, unless and until I decide to start having babies. Now, there's a thought. I'm going to table it for now. In one sense I was an orphan. But in another sense†¦ Well. First, my dad was standing behind me, watching me as I was kneeling down to look at the headstone my name was on. I don't know how it is with other adoptees, but I can say that there never was a time with John and Jane that I didn't feel cherished and loved and theirs. Even when I was going through that early puberty phase where I think I said â€Å"I hate you† and â€Å"Just leave me alone† six times daily and ten times on Sunday. I would have abandoned me at the bus stop, that's for sure. John told me that back when he lived on Earth, he had a son, and his son had a boy, Adam, who would have been just about my age, which technically made me an aunt. I thought that was pretty neat. Going from having no family on the one hand to being someone's aunt on the other is a fun trick. I told that to Dad; he said â€Å"you contain multitudes,† and then walked around with a smile for hours. I finally got him to explain it to me. That Walt Whitman, he knew what he was talking about. Second, there were Hickory and Dickory to the side of me, twitching and trembling with emotional energy, because they were at the gravesite of my father, even if my father wasn't buried there, and never was. It didn't matter. They were worked up because of what it represented. Through my father, I guess you could say I was adopted by the Obin, too, although my relationship to them wasn't exactly like being someone's daughter, or their aunt. It was a little closer to being their goddess. A goddess for an entire race of people. Or, I don't know. Maybe something that sounds less egotistical: patron saint, or racial icon or mascot or something. It was hard to put into words; it was hard to even wrap my brain around most days. It's not like I was put on a throne; most goddesses I know about don't have homework and have to pick up dog poop. If this is what being an icon is all about, on a day-today basis it's not terribly exciting. But then I think about the fact that Hickory and Dickory live with me and have spent their lives with me because their government made it a demand of my government when the two of them signed a peace pact. I am actually a treaty condition between two intelligent races of creatures. What do you do with that sort of fact? Well, I tried to use it once: When I was younger I tried to argue with Jane that I should be able to stay up late one night because I had special status under treaty law. I thought that was pretty clever. Her response was to haul out the entire thousand-page treaty – I didn't even know we had a physical copy – and invite me to find the part of the treaty that said I always got to have my way. I stomped over to Hickory and Dickory and demanded they tell Mom to let me do what I wanted; Hickory told me they would have to file a request to their government for guidance, and it would take several days, by which time I would already have to be in bed. It was my first exposure to the tyranny of bureaucracy. What I do know that it means is that I belong to the Obin. Even at that moment in front of the grave, Hickory and Dickory were recording it into their consciousness machines, the machines my father made for them. They would be stored and sent to all the other Obin. Every other Obin would stand here with me, as I knelt at my grave and the grave of my parents, tracing their names and mine with my finger. I belong. I belong to John and Jane; I belong to Hickory and Dickory and every Obin. And yet for all that, for all the connection I feel – for all the connection I have – there are times when I feel alone, and I have the sensation of drifting and not connecting at all. Maybe that's just what you do when you're this age; you have your stretches of alienation. Maybe to find yourself you've got to feel like you're unplugged. Maybe everyone goes through this. What I knew, though, there at the grave, my grave, was that I was having one of those moments. I had been here before, to this grave. First when my mother was buried, and then, a few years later, when Jane brought me here to say good-bye to both my mother and father. All the people who know me have gone away, I said to her. All of my people are gone. And then she came over to me and asked me to live with her and John, in a new place. Asked me to let her and John be my new people. I touched the jade elephant at my neck and smiled, thinking of Jane. Who am I? Who are my people? Who do I belong to? Questions with easy answers and no answers. I belong to my family and to the Obin and sometimes to no one at all. I am a daughter and goddess and girl who sometimes just doesn't know who she is or what she wants. My brain rattles around my head with this stuff and gives me a headache. I wish I were alone here. I'm glad John's with me. I want to see my new friend Gretchen and make sarcastic comments until we burst out laughing. I want to go to my stateroom on the Magellan, turn off the light, hug my dog, and cry. I want to leave this stupid cemetery. I don't ever want to leave it because I know I'm never coming back to it. This is my last time with my people, the ones who are already gone. Sometimes I don't know if my life is complicated, or if it's that I just think too much about things. I knelt at the grave, thought some more, and tried to find a way to say a last good-bye to my mother and father and to keep them with me, to stay and to go, to be the daughter and goddess and girl who doesn't know what she wants, all at once, and to belong to everyone and keep myself. It took a while.

English Legal System vs Inequalities between Individuals and Groups Essay

English Legal System vs Inequalities between Individuals and Groups Introduction Does The English Legal System Do Enough To Address Inequalities Between Individuals And Groups?            Addressing inequalities are a vital aspect of any government legal system, not only for the economic growth and for the development of the goals such as the millennium goals, but also for security and peace perspective. The legal system of English has not been left aside in the fight against inequalities among its citizens. This is the system of law that has developed in England. Horizontal inequalities have developed and increased among people globally and England has been affected. The inequalities are taken as increasing factor to the risk of violence, conflict, which can in turn worsen the inequalities among people or groups (Haskel & Slaugther, 1999).            This paper looks into how and what the English Legal System is undertaking in the fight against inequalities among groups of people or individuals. There are increasing concerns about persistent and often rising inequalities. These inequalities includes aspects such as age, pregnancy and maternity, disability; race, gender reassignment; marriage and civil partnership, religion or sexual orientation among other grounds where discrimination can occur. All these grounds of inequalities are applicable to both individuals and groups people. However, each and every legal system in different countries is tasked with the fight against any form of inequality among individuals or groups of people in the society. The English Legal system has been as well on the forefront in the fight against the inequality menace among its people (Pontusson, 2005).            The law has been and continues to be a tool through which essential democratic ideals have been expressed not only in the English legal system but also in other legal systems around the globe. The egalitarian ideals expressed include the same employment chances, equal right of entry into schooling among many other aspects. Simultaneously, the legal system is on its own a site of unusual discrimination, as discovered in different degree of access of first-class legal aid, discrepancy in arrest rates, or disparity in sentencing. The researches within this field attend show how good has the English legal system done to address the issues of inequalities between individuals and groups of people. Hence, law can be used as a mechanism for equalization and in turn can produce or express inequality as well (International Labor Office, 2007).            Disparity in the legal system, the main question behind the issue of inequality is whether the law is applied fairly to all members of any group? Courts appointed attorneys providing a sufficient protection for their needy clients? Is the death judgment more likely to be forced on African Americans than on whites? Who bears the brunt of the notable increase in the detention rate? When the prisoners re released from the jails, do their potential employers discriminate against them this creating an even larger underclass? In addition, how has the increase in the number of privatized prisons affected how captives are handled? How has it altered the political process (e.g. Entrance by the prison industry) that manages how large our imprisoned residents will be? Discrimination could be integrated as a concern into goals and targets on different sectoral/thematic issues such as (politics, security, justice, poverty, education and health), through speech stressing additio n, fairness, accountability and responsiveness to all social groups throughout the framework is essential in the English legal system (Witte & Green, 2012).            There is numerous discrimination by type that is experienced amongst people in the United Kingdom. These include: age, disability, equal pay or compensation, religion, retaliation, sex and sexual harassment, genetic information, harassment, national origin, pregnancy, race/color,. One of the major areas of concern in the English legal system is the issue of inequality among the disabled people in the community. Not only in the United Kingdom, there has been a unison call from all the corners of the world from the people and groups of people for the disabled people to be respected in the society just like the normal individuals in the community. There have been campaigns all over the globe fighting for the rights of the disabled people. This has been dubbed as disability discrimination, which has resulted in inequality between different people in the society. According to Equality Act 2010, disability discrimination is when a disabled person is treated less favorabl y than a non-disabled person, and is treated in this way for a reason arising from their disability, and the treatment cannot be justified (Keister et all, 2012).            The fight against disability discrimination, in the United Kingdom has been defined by numerous acts in the English legal system. These include ‘The Equality Act 2010’ this provides disabled people with protection from discrimination in the workplace. England and Wales have had laws against, against discrimination since the 1960’s. For example, the Race Relations Acts of 1965, 1968 as well as that of 1976, all of which outlawed race inequity among groups of people or individually. In addition, there is also the 1970 Equal Pay Act and the ‘Sex Discrimination Act’ of 1975 which themselves proscribed discrimination in the line of gender. Moreover, there was the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 which outlawed disability discrimination. Putting all of these acts together, in the year 2010, all, the anti-discrimination laws were confined together under one Act, namely the Equality Act 2010 (Chant, 2010).            The English Legal System comprises one of the greatest tools for people with disabilities, in order to ensure and also protect their fundamental rights. According to the ‘Equality Act 2010’ section 6 disability is defined as a ‘person who have an impairment either physically or mentally, however, the impairment should have substantial adverse as well as the lasting effects on their capability to perform their normal daily activities’. Under the act, there is direct disability discrimination as well as indirect form of discrimination. Section 15 of the Equality Act forbids the  unfavorable treatment  of a disabled person where the reason for the unfavorable treatment is not the disability itself, but something that comes up as a result of the disability (Partington, 2014).            Despite the wide and all inclusive act in the fight against disability inequality in the United Kingdom, there have been numerous cases reported of disability inequality among people, more so in the private sector of employment. The government has, however, embarked on the massive implementation of disability discrimination laws. Some of the achievements that have been beneficial to the fight against disability inequality in the United Kingdom are the implementation of the required facilities for the disabled in order for them to access services. This includes laws in building and constructions, whereby public buildings should be accessible to the disabled; this is through revision of the relevant facilities and services such as no stairs, washrooms for the disables among others. In addition, an important issue for some disabled people is the provision of adaptations of dwellings to improve safety, mobility and quality of life. Effective adaptations can lead to red uced pain and enhanced well being, self-esteem and control. Hence it can be said that the English legal system has done quite a lot in the fight against inequality among the disabled people or groups and in turn more should be implemented in terms law, implementation for the complete acceptance of the disabled people. The most affected sector where inequality is most felt is through employment (Fafinski & Finch, 2008).            Another aspect that has given rise to inequality is the United Kingdom is the religious identification or differing peoples beliefs. According to human rights and anti-discrimination legislation in the UK, every person has the right to hold their own beliefs as well as any other philosophical beliefs that are similar to religion or beliefs. Under the Equality Act 2006, it is or prohibited or illegal for someone to differentiate or discriminate against another person or a group of people because of their religion or belief or else for the reason that, they have no religion or belief (Elliott, 2012).            There has been a case of religious discrimination in the United Kingdom, especially the issue of Britain’s divided schools that has been a disturbing portrait of inequality. With the increased differences between the Middle East countries and the western especially between the Muslims and other religions groups. In many cases, there has been a correlation between the increasing trend in terrorism and the Muslim religion. This has resulted in the inequality between the Arabs/Muslims in the UK and other people especially whites. Advance in achieving liberty of religion or belief and thwarting inequity based on religion or belief in the place of work and in public services has been widely advocated in the United Kingdom. Equally, the capability to draw conclusion continues to be stalled by Government’s reluctance to distinguish between the various Christian denominations, when recording people’s religious profession, either in the population censu s or the Labor Force Survey (Boaler, 2011).            Generally, the act on equality, human rights and religion or belief has been interpreted watchfully in domestic tribunals and courts as according to section 5.3 of the equality act. While some indirect inequity claims relating to dress codes and working hours have been successful, most claims based on religion have failed. This is largely because courts have mostly found that intrusion with the autonomy of belief or religion under Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is not easily recognized. Over the years, religious conviction has played a less leading role in public culture. Temporarily, the rival status hierarchies have fallen away. The meritocratic ladder of specialized success is pretty much the only one left standing. We can see a correlation between inequality and religious faith (Warren, 2006).            The presence of religious diversity in today’s times in the United Kingdom has resulted in increased contact between religious, which has sometimes revealed deep-rooted stereotyping and prejudice, which in turn leads to tension and sometimes conflict between individuals or groups of people in the community. Indeed, religion is an indispensable component in the identity of some of the groups that make up our society, however, it has also been connected with stereotypes or depressing preconception, including the assumption of a so-called ‘clash of civilizations. Political events and popular discourse have repeatedly been revealed in the media and have negatively linked terrorism and Islam. This has in turn prejudiced social attitudes and led to a Renaissance of religious and racial discrimination in the community and most public places. A latest information on the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC) found that Muslims are often fat alities of inequity, negative stereotyping and of manifestations of prejudice and hatred. These take the form of verbal threats and physical attacks on people and property and racial and mostly religion affiliation profiling (Oliva, 2008).            The growing visibility of religious and belief variety in Europe and especially United Kingdom has been depicted by an increase in unfairness, inequity, and prejudice against religious and ethnic minorities. While a great deal of development has been achieved, biasness on grounds of racial or ethnic origin and religion is still a problem for many people in our societies, even though this is tricky to accurately measure due to short of data on the religious composition of the inhabitants of the UK, mainly in regard to minority religions. The English Legal system has created a structure of legal tools, policies, and initiatives for fighting religious and racial unfairness and in turn promoting fairness. Nevertheless, it could be argued that the principles of equality and non-discrimination and the respect for the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion have not been fully implemented in all Member States (Lansley, 2012).            Despite the tremendous effort by the government and the vast established English legal law, there are still cases of religion inequality and discrimination within individuals and the UK citizens towards either an individual or a specific group or community. People affiliated to religious minorities, especially migrants; also, experiences disproportionately lower incomes and higher rates of unemployment, as they face problems accessing housing and in turn living in poor environs. They suffer from prejudice and experience exclusion or marginalization in social, political, and economic activity and from unfair treatment in public or social services (Blanden & Machin, 2013).            The enactment of the Equality act 2010 in United Kingdom has redefined people’s rights regardless of their religion affiliation. The introduction of the law has targeted all people in the country, and in turn offering the right protection to people. In addition, the human rights movements have been active in fight for the people’s rights and in turn bringing along equality among the countries populace. English Legal system has been deemed as one of the all-inclusive legal system and has been a positive aspect in the fight for equality among the United Kingdom citizens. The ‘Equality Act 2010’ has been drawn-up to deal with inequality and also prevent prejudice against all sorts of people on the basis of ‘protected characteristics’. It brings together several presented laws and aims to make understanding the law simpler. It also introduces a new single public sector equality duty, which requires public bodies to actively advan ce equality. This has enabled the UK government to be able to handle the numerous issues of inequality in the society. In accordance to the question posed ‘whether the ‘English Legal System’ is doing enough to address Inequalities between Individuals and Groups, the answer is YES. Although there has been numerous handles in the full achievement of equality, the government has been able to implement laws that has been effective in curbing inequality. Moreover, the legal system has developed an effective criminal justice system which has enabled in the fight against inequality (Keister et al, 2012).            In conclusion, there are many experiences that remain invisible and ignored within the wider agendas in the fight against inequalities within the English legal system. While the inequalities are widespread and all-encompassing, the legal systems have tried to be all inclusive in solving all forms of inequalities that are experienced within the individuals, and groups in the society. It is clear that there can be an experience of far-reaching inequality, prejudice, favoritism and racism from politicians, the media, and the public. However, numerous recommendations have been made in different chapters for the introduction of ethnic monitoring, for example in health, social work, substance use services and criminal justice. In many of these domains, existing equality and human rights law provides the framework for addressing these injustices, but it needs to be proactively and effectively implemented. References Haskel, J., & Slaugther, M. J. (1999).  Trade, technology and U.K. wage inequality. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Pontusson, J. (2005).  Inequality and prosperity: Social Europe vs. liberal America. Ithaca, NY [u.a.: Cornell Univ. Press. International Labour Office. (2007). Equality at work: Tackling the challenges : global report under the follow up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. Geneva: International Labour Office. Witte, J., & Green, M. C. (2012). Religion and human rights: An introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Keister, L. A., McCarthy, J., & Finke, R. (2012). Religion, work, and inequality. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Pub Limited. Chant, S. (2010). The International Handbook of Gender and Poverty. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub.Partington, Martin. (2014). Introduction to the English Legal System 2014-2015. Oxford Univ Pr.Fafinski, S., & Finch, E. (2008). English legal system. Harlow: Longman. Elliott, C. (2012). English legal system. Harlow: Pearson. Stephenson, M., & Harrison, J. (2011). Unravelling Equality: The Impact of the United Kingdom’s Spending Cuts on Women.Political Quarterly,  82(4), 645-650. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.2011.02256.x Boaler, J. (2011). Mathematics and science inequalities in the United Kingdom: when elitism, sexism and culture collide.  Oxford Review Of Education,  37(4), 457-484. Warren, T. (2006). Moving beyond the gender wealth gap: On gender, class, ethnicity, and wealth inequalities in the United Kingdom.  Feminist Economics,  12(1/2), 195-219. doi:10.1080/13545700500508502 Oliva, J. (2008). Religious Symbols in the Classroom: A Controversial Issue in the United Kingdom.  Brigham Young University Law Review,  2008(3), 877-896. Lansley, S. (2012). Inequality, the Crash and the Ongoing Crisis.  Political Quarterly,  83(4), 754- 761. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.2012.02357.x Blanden, J., & Machin, S. (2013). Educational Inequality and The Expansion of United Kingdom Higher Education.  Scottish Journal Of Political Economy,  60(5), 597-598. doi:10.1111/sjpe.12031 Source document