Cape Town Profile - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1247 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Management Essay Level High school Tags: Profile Essay Did you like this example? 1. Demographic trends 1.1 Population The South African nation comes from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds and has 11 official languages. This diverse population is characterised by eight distinct factors, namely race (population group), culture, ethnicity, language, religion, class, education and politics. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cape Town Profile" essay for you Create order The South African population in 2015 was estimated at 54 956 900 people, of whom approximately 51% (some 28, 07 million) were female. The Western Cape population in 2015 was estimated at 6 200 100, which constituted 11, 3% of the countrys total population, having declined slightly since 2014 when it constituted 11, 4% of the total South African population. The female population in the province is slightly higher, comprising 50, 73% of the total population. The Western Capes population is predominantly urban, mainly as Cape Towns population makes up a significant portion of the provincial population. 1.2 Households The total number of households in Cape Town grew from 653 085 in 1996 to 1 068 572 in 2011, which represents an increase of 63, 6%. There seems to be a trend towards smaller household units across all population groups. In 1996, the average household in Cape Town had three, 92 members, which dropped to three, 50 in 2011. Fertility, mean age at marriage, and divorce are the three main demographic determinants influencing household size. Households become less extended, more nuclear and smaller as societies industrialize and urbanize. The Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) studied the factors responsible for the reduction in household sizes throughout South Africa. Their analysis revealed that a mixture of interrelated legal, economic and social processes have contributed towards this trend since 1994. These involve greater legal protection and social acceptance of youth and women claiming rights to housing, the emergence of a powerful youth culture driving modern aspirations, the increasing effects of high unemployment, and womens earning power eroding patriarchal values and changing the nature of the institution of marriage. Cape Towns average household size is below that of developing countries (five members) and is moving closer to that of many developed countries (two to three members). This is already the case in certain population groups, particularly the white and black African groups (with the former averaging at around 2, 5 and the latter at 3, 25 in 2011). Even though the trend of smaller household sizes may have be seen as positive, it does pose certain challenges to Cape Town, as to other South African metros and developing-country cities. These include the increased demand for housing supply to accommodate the trend, with the consequent increase in housing prices; increased competition for scarce urban land for new housing developments, and the breakdown of the extended family, which is often considered as powerful social support network. The demographic trend for South Africa and the Western Cape indicates an ageing population across all population groups. This pattern is also evident in Cape Town. The amount of children (0 to 14 years) in Cape Town decreased from 29, 10% in 2002 to 26, and 18% in 2015. In the same period, the percentage of the population who are economically active (15 to 64 years) increased from 66, 58% to 67, 73%, while the aged population (65 years and above) grew from 4, 31% to 6, 09%. However, the total age dependency ratio for Cape Town decreased during this period from 0, 50 to 0, and 48. According to the UN classification, Cape Towns population has moved towards the upper end of a mature or middle-aged population. A population is considered mature or middle age if 4 to 7% of the population are aged 65 and above. Of the economically active (15 to 64 years), 53, 30% were absorbed into the economy in 2015. Even though this increased from 2009, when the labour absorption rate was 52, 50%, it has still not improved to the 2008 level of 54, 20%. This showed that Cape Towns economy is not growing fast enough to support the increasing economically active population. However, it also displays the impact of the economic recession from late 2008 to the end of 2009 on the economy, and a degree of recovery since then. 2. Health trends South Africas health profile reflects the historical challenges associated with its economic and geographical inequalities. South Africans experience an increasing number of non-communicable diseases associated with age and lifestyle, while communicable diseases (mainly the (HIV) and (TB)) also remain paramount concerns. Life expectancy at birth in South Africa increased from 61,2 years in 2012, to 62,2 years in 2013, to 62,9 years in 2015, which represents an annual rate of increase of 0,57 years. At this rate, the National Development Plan (NDP) vision of 70 years for life expectancy by 2030 is very likely to have be achieved. The Western Cape has the highest life expectancy at birth (68 years), which is very close to achieving the NDP 2030 vision. 2.1 Infant mortality rate in Cape Town The infant mortality rate is a key indicator of health and development in a society. It is associated with a broad range of social, economic and environmental factors, which are also indicative of the health status of the broader population. The IMR in South Africa significantly reduced from 2009 (39, 0) up to 2012 (27, 0), but had increased slightly by 2014 (28, 0), although it was still significantly lower than in 2009. This downward trend is also seen in Cape Town, where there was a clear trend towards a decrease in the IMR in the Cape metro between 2003 and 2012, dropping from 25,2 to 16,4 (per 1 000 live births) (refer table 1). Table 1: Cape Town infant mortality rate (IMR) trends (per 1 000 live births), 2003 to 2012 2.2 Child deaths Diseases that are readily preventable or treatable cause most child deaths. Globally, infectious diseases and newborn complications are responsible for the vast majority of deaths below the age of five. South Africa did not meet its MDG target of reducing deaths per 1 000 live births to 20 by 2015 (based on projections), it has however significantly improved its child health and under-5 mortality rate. The latter dropped by an annual average of 10, 3% between 2006 and 2011 (the fourth fastest rate of decline globally). This decline was largely attributed to the programme for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, improved immunisation rates to protect children against vaccine-preventable diseases such as diarrhoea and pneumonia, and vitamin A supplementation, which has decreased vitamin A deficiencies. South Africa is one of only a few countries that have introduced rotavirus and pneumococcus vaccines to reduce the incidence of, and death due to, diarrhoea and pneumonia in children. The main causes of child deaths during 2010 in Cape Town (figure 1) include diarrhoea (13%), other illnesses (11%), pneumonia (10%) and injuries (10%). The data for the causes of child deaths in Cape Town were previously generated by the Medical Research Council (MRC). However, the National Department of Home Affairs has introduced certain law amendments, which now forbid access to medical certificates, except for Stats SA. Therefore, the MRC was unable to generate data that are more recent. Stats SAs report on mortality and causes of death only presents a national overview of the causes of death for the under-5 group. 2.3 Tuberculosis There was a general increase in TB cases and incidence from 1997 to 2014 in Cape Town. From 2010 to 2014, however, a downward trend started to emerge. This downward trend is consistent with global and national TB trends. In Cape Town, data reveal that the number of HIV-positive TB cases, which previously increased, is now falling. Substantial improvements in TB outcomes had been achieved in the past number of years. In spite of these improvements, however, the following factors continue to fuel the TB epidemic in Cape Town: Poverty Urbanisation, with resultant overcrowding Damp, poorly ventilated houses/ shacks High HIV prevalence Clients presenting or being infected partners in serodiscordant Couples. However, maintaining an increasingly large number of people on lifelong ART does pose certain challenges, with available staff and infrastructure struggling to cope. identified late in the course of Strategies that address the HIV the disease (having potentially infected many others before treatment starts) Some clients never starting treatment, or interrupting treatment (defaulters) Substance abuse Smoking

Implementing A Successful Marketing Plan Essay - 2210 Words

Executive Summary For implementing a successful marketing plan, consideration of different functional areas of business support of senior executives and understanding of available resources and capabilities of the firm is imperative. The concept of marketing plan and its purpose of a company is elaborated in this report. In addition, this report presents a discussion about the different sections that should be included in an effective marketing plan of a food product. These sections are evaluation of environment such as PEST and competitive analysis and SWOT analysis. The objectives of the marketing plan, along with the market segmentation and consumer analysis are also important sections for the managers to include. Further, the significance of different marketing strategies, budget and control process are also elaborated in this report for the food marketing plan. Introduction At the present time, in order to establish a product in the market, it is considerable for the business organizations to adopt unique marketing activities and strategies. A marketing plan can be elaborated as an integrated approach or process to deal with the dynamic business environment and foresee future. In addition, a marketing plan is also important to understand the varying consumer buying behavior, to serve them in a finest way and provide them a high level of satisfaction (Kotler, et al., 2013). The idea of marketing is associated with the introducing strategies and tactics to advertiseShow MoreRelatedCase Study Of The Lean Kaizen Heinz Ketchup Plan733 Words   |  3 PagesThe Lean Kaizen Heinz Ketchup Plan The continuous cycle of Kaizen activity has seven phases (Choudhury, 2017). First starting with identifying any opportunities or what’s important. Next, the Kaizen cycle involves analyzing the process, developing an optimal solution and implementing the solution. Once the solutions are implemented, studying the results are crucial to determine the success (Choudhury, 2017). Finally, standardizing the successful solutions and planning for the future will takeRead MoreKudler Fine Foods Marketing Research1284 Words   |  6 PagesKudler Fine Foods Marketing Research Kudler Fine Foods Marketing Research Marketing research is important for all companies. A company must research the areas they hope to expand and know if they can be successful in that area before they ever decide to open up a new store. Marketing research will inform a company what will sell and what will not sell in an area and the main focus of a company should be researching the customers in the area and knowing competitive intelligence. If aRead MoreMarketing Analysis : E Marketing Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesRecently, e-Marketing (EM) has been used by different companies to advertise their services and products (Mokhtar, 2015, p.1). e-Marketing means offering services and products using electronic tools and technologies. El-Gohery (2010, p.3) defined it as a new concept that is used to reach ideas, information and services to customer by using internet. Also, Chaffey (2007, p.1) focused on using the best communications methods to gain customer satisfaction. The main objective of e-Marketing is to attractRead MoreContingency Plan1552 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Implementation, Strategic Controls, and Contingency Plan Tonya Starks STR/581 December 8, 2014 Instructor: Braford James Abstract Apple Inc. is a global innovator of the MacBook, tablets, iPhones, iPods, and other innovative products. Apple is the leader in the electronic market sector for innovative product growth and development. The implementation plan will explain the strategic controls and contingency plan for the organization along with an implementation process. This will allowRead MoreThe World Is Not A Stagnant Entity1688 Words   |  7 Pagescompany to keep up with competitors, customer demand, and trends. While a company needs to be able to adjust and grow, these strategies cannot be set in stone. Refusal to change actually hinders the capacity to innovate and diversify product lines, marketing, pricing models, and development. A key factor to recognize is that expansion and diversification are not the same. For example, opening a second retail outlet in a new town simply expands your business. But adding a new product or service lineRead MoreOrganizational Development Case Study741 Words   |  3 PagesSpecial Skills: * Strategic planning development As a returning leader to the Native American Student Association, I oversaw the creation of a five-year strategic plan for organizational growth and engagement with the UT Vol-Vision 2020 master plan. *Organizational development As a sophomore at UT, I saw a need to recognize and support Native American students and culture. With guidance from faculty advisors, we created founding documents for a new student organization. *Nonprofit leadership/managementRead MoreEnterprise Risk Management1609 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This paper discusses how a company can successfully implement the Enterprise Risk Management based on COSO guidelines. This paper discusses a step by step process of the implementation plan at Dell Inc, the responsibilities of the workforce and management, the risk mitigation approach and how to monitor the activities successfully. Enterprise Risk Management In the wake of all the financial scandals, a variety of laws and regulations have been passed which makes the board of directorsRead MoreMarketing Project Failures : What Can Be Learned?1008 Words   |  5 PagesMahalinghem, Umesh Shirsat SUBJECT: Group #5 – Marketing Project Failures: What Can Be Learned? This report focusses on the various reasons that many marketing strategies of companies do not work as planned. It highlights the failures that companies have encountered while marketing their products. This will help the readers understand the importance of having a strong marketing strategy. It will also guide them on how to avoid such marketing failures and the need to strengthen the brand imageRead MoreManaging A Successful Fashion Brand Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesManaging a Successful Fashion Brand As a brand manager it is important to understand the role of a creator of a brand when partnering in a business relationship. A brand manager working specifically in the fashion industry is responsible for ensuring the success of a designer’s product line with its consumers. They are known as the point-person for developing, implementing, and executing marketing initiatives and activities for their brand. (Brand Manager Job Description | Paladin Staffing). LearningRead MoreBandon Group, Integrated case study Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagestargeted marketing (Sumner, 2005). The dilemma was to decide whether the system should be centralized or decentralized. The implementation of the CRM softwares in the divisions were decentralized and the division mangers were seeking better management information but they were encountering data relational problem. In general, when we look at the current IT situation especially the use and implementation of CRM and OMD application, it is into lerable. The problem get worse when the company plans to expand

Marketing Strategy Practice of cable and internet industry Free Essays

Comcast is a telecommunications company based in the United States. Currently Comcast is the country’s’ leading cable television network provider as well as being the country’s second largest provider of broadband internet services. In analyzing this paper, I will look at the current trends in the telecommunications industry within the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Strategy Practice of cable and internet industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition to this, I will also look at some of the current developments and or drawbacks giving special reference to Comcast as a single firm. INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER: Internet service providers are business organizations whose core business is providing business firms, organizations as well as private individuals with internet related services. In addition to this internet service, providers also provide a range of other services including domain registration, web hosting, collocation as well as internet transit. CABLE TELEVISION: Cable television is a technology that involves providing television services to wishing consumers using radio signals transmitted through coaxial cables or in recent times through optical fibers. In addition to this, these cables are sometimes used for providing broadband internet services, radio programming as well as a range of other services MARKETING STRATEGY: A marketing strategy is a business process that allows organizations or businesses to optimize sales as well as acquire competitive advantage over its competitors by finding the greatest opportunities of channeling the organizations limited resources. INTRODUCTION: Comcast Corporation has tried to find its market share within the United States telecommunications industry. In doing this, the company has tried to apply bleeding edge technologies in order to be ahead of its competitors like time Warner and Verizon. In doing this the company has company has initiated a mix of the best marketing strategy as well as market research. ANALYSIS: By the year 2006 the telecommunications industry on a global perspective was estimated to be worth more than $3 billion dollars. Within the United States alone, the sector is one of the largest employers with more than one million employees as of the year 2006. Within the United States, there are estimates that subscribers will grow to about 4 billion by the year2011. In addition to this, current trends within the sector involve mergers and multiple acquisitions that have made the industry one of the most competitive. In addition, cross-border ownership of business enterprises has become the norm. Among these mergers and acquisitions is the take over of MCI by giant Verizon Corporation. In addition, the industry is one of the fastest growing within the market. The industry is also the most interrelated with all the other sectors of the economy. Regardless of its remarkable growth, the industry is faced with a discreet problem from the wireless internet service providers. The growth of wireless internet and telephony has been one of the major troubles for the broadband technologies. On a firm-based perspective, there is stiff competition within the industry. To improve on market share every company uses its own strategy. However, in any industry there are four core elements of marketing strategy. These four elements are strategies that involve the product, pricing, promotion, and distribution. All firms within the industry seem to employ a different mix of the four elements in order to achieve its growth or industry projections. In this field, companies like Comcast have adopted technologies like video on demand in order to improve their competitive edge. In addition to this, companies like Verizon have increased their capital base and they are becoming some of the core competitors to Comcast. CONCLUSION: The telecommunications industry has come to be a major source of revenue for many economies. The industry is behind much growth that is being experienced within the East Asian newly industrialized countries like Singapore and Malaysia. The role of the industry in the development of many countries cannot be overlooked. REFERENCES: Edward F. McQuarrie. (2005). the Market Research Toolbox: A Concise Guide for Beginners. London: Sage Publications. Ian, Chaston. (1999). New Marketing Strategies: Evolving Flexible Processes to Fit Market Circumstance. London: Sage Publications James Higgins. (1994). the Management Challenge. New York: Macmillan Rogers, M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations, (5th ed.). New York: Free Press. Sunny, Crouch. Matthew, Housden. (2003). Marketing Research for Managers. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   How to cite Marketing Strategy Practice of cable and internet industry, Essay examples

Skills and Characteristics of Human Services Workers free essay sample

Knowledge and expertise are two of the most important skills for a human service worker to have. When clients come in for help, they want a worker with knowledge who will be able to help them. The client needs to feel comfortable that the human service worker he or she is seeing has knowledge and expertise on the client’s issues, especially. For the worker, knowledge and expertise benefit him or her as well. If the worker has a client coming in with an issue the worker has never dealt with before, then it would be smart for the worker to do some research on that subject in preparation. If the proper knowledge cannot be gained in the time before the appointment, it probably would be wiser for another worker who already has the knowledge to help that client. The human service worker always needs to remember that it is the client’s needs that come first, no matter whether it hurts the workers pride or not. We will write a custom essay sample on Skills and Characteristics of Human Services Workers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another important characteristic a human service worker needs to have is passion for the subject matter. If a human service worker is not passionate about what he or she is doing then it will show to his or her clients. This lack of passion negatively could impact the client as well as the human service worker. People do not do their best work if there is no passion, and when dealing with people’s lives those people expect their worker to be doing his or her best work. Cultural competence is also extremely important in human services. A worker needs to be competent with all the different cultures that he or she will be working with. Each culture is different in many ways. Some things which may be normal in one culture could be very offensive to another. Without cultural competence a worker could inadvertently offend clients; scaring them away or angering them without realizing it. Clients need to feel comfortable with their worker and something like that could ruin the relationship that had been built between the client and his or her worker. Another skill a human service worker must possess is observance. The worker needs to notice the body language, the look on the client’s face, the intonations as the client is talking, and so on. A client could be saying one thing, but his or her body language could be saying something completely different. If the human service worker is not observant, he or she would miss things like that. This writer, especially always has been a people watcher. As a child this writer was very shy, so instead of jumping up and joining in all the time, she would just sit and observe. This taught this writer a large amount about the people she watched before she even met them. To this day, everywhere this writer goes she watches all the people around her soaking up all the uniqueness of man and womankind. Empathy is another skill a human service worker must have. The worker does not always have to agree with the client, or even like the client, but he or she needs to empathize with the client. Sometimes this might be tough, but most will discover that there is usually something that he or she can empathize with. For instance, during a television show this writer was watching a client came in to see his therapist. The client’s presenting problem was that he hated fat people. He was disgusted and revolted by them, and believed it was his right to tell the people that they were fat and needed to lose weight. The therapist had a hard time connecting or empathizing with the client, as the therapist was overweight himself at one time, and had been bullied by his father while he was growing up. The client did not see that what he was doing to these overweight people was bullying. He actually thought that by telling them those things he was helping them to lose weight. Finally the client and therapist had a breakthrough when trying to figure out where this hatred of the overweight had come from. The client had been bullied by an overweight child while in elementary school. This only happened for a short time, and the client was quite young at the time (only about seven or eight), but the bullying never left his mind. He realized he was taking out his anger on overweight people all because of a young boy who bullied him in his hildhood. This breakthrough worked to find a way that the therapist could empathize with the client. Although the therapist still thought that the client was wrong on many levels, he could empathize with the little child who was bullied, because he had been bullied himself. That is a moment that sticks out in this writers mind and will stay there for th e rest of this writer’s life. So, when dealing with a client this writer does not particularly like, this writer will remember to keep an open mind and know that there is probably a part of that client that this writer can empathize with. It just may take a little bit of time to find that part. Two more skills are understanding group diversity and people skills. A human service worker must have good people skills. Clients need to connect to their worker in order to open up and be honest with him or her. If the worker has bad people skills, the worker will lose clients and eventually not have any, or get fired. Clients do not want to pay money to get advice from a person they do not like. Understanding group diversity is also a needed skill. Especially for the worker who works in a group or with a large amount of people. This knowledge is also important when running group sessions with clients. Every person is different and has different skills. It is important to figure out which skills each person excels at and those that he or she does not. Once that is figured out, people could be given activities that match up with his or her skills, and can learn from others the skills he or she may not be so good at. This writer has learned a lot about group diversity while in school. University of Phoenix is big on teaching people to work in teams. Each class has team assignments that have to be done, and done as a team. Through going to school there this writer has gained important knowledge about working in teams. Learning how each person works, who has what skills, figuring out this writer’s own skills, and which skills to improve upon. Writing skills are also important in human services. The human service worker has to take quick notes after seeing each client, and take longer notes with more information after. These notes are important and are added to the client’s chart. These notes could be used later in court or for other reasons, so it is important that they are thorough, understandable, and well assembled. Many human service workers work with other human service agencies as well. There is correspondence between all the different agencies about their shared clients. Correspondences that are not grammatically correct or with spelling errors do not look professional, and can make the worker look bad. This leads to computer skills. Computer skills are very important in human services. Computers are used to track clients, write notes, and so on. Technology has grown so much, and has been implemented everywhere. Many agencies are now giving their human service workers laptops to take with them when visiting client homes. All of the client’s information goes on the computers. Having all the information on a computer makes things much easier. If the supervisor needs to see something about a client, he or she can now simply look that information up on his or her computer, or have the worker email the information. If another therapist, or doctor, or lawyer, or policeman, or whoever, needs the information it is now easier to access. No more combing through filing cabinets and files, now all the information can be looked up at a touch of a button. A human service worker needs to be a good mediator. Many times the client issues do not only involve the client. Sometimes the presenting problems involve family, friends, and loved ones as well. In this case, the worker could ask to see the client as well as the family member or friend with him or her. The point of being a good mediator is to make sure not to choose a side. A mediator needs to stay equal in the eyes of the clients, not choosing one person’s side over another’s. If a client believes the mediator is choosing someone else’s side over his or her side, the client can just shut down or stop mediation, claiming unfairness. The mediator should help the clients to help themselves, being there to mediate, but not tell them what to do. The client should be able to figure out how to fix their own problem or problems. This knowledge helps them in many areas of their lives. Teaches them to be an independent thinker, instead of just doing what the therapist advises them to do. This kind of knowledge is priceless for a client, and is exactly the goal of the therapist. A human service worker needs to be non-judgmental and an encourager for his or her clients. In the world of human services being non-judgmental is a must. A client needs to feel comfortable enough to come to meeting with his or her worker and express his or her feelings. When being faced with someone who is judgmental a client will shut down and no longer want to say anything. Why should he or she continue on and continue to be judged. A client comes in knowing he or she has a problem. He or she wants help with this problem, not to be judged by it. In that case, he or she can just stay home and be judged by the people in his or her life. Clients need to feel encouraged by their worker. It is always easier for a person to make changes in his or her life if he or she is encouraged every step of the way. When people are not encouraged they see no reason to continue on with the hard work that change takes. They figure why go the hard route with no encouragement, when it is so much easier to continue on making the same mistakes. Just like how a small child is encouraged in every small step he or she takes, an adult trying to make positive changes in his or her life needs that same kind of encouragement. That little boost can mean the difference between continuing on with the changes or stopping altogether. Along with being non-judgmental and an encourager, a human service worker needs to be a leader and confronting at times. A human service worker needs to be a leader and show those leadership skills when working with clients. Clients are not going to want to take advice from a wallflower or pushover. The client needs to see someone who is strong and shows true leadership skills. Part of being a leader is being confronting at times. Confronting clients when they are wrong and do not see it. Confronting the clients who have always been given what they want and told they were right when they were not. Sometimes people do not realize they are doing or saying something wrong until they are confronted about the situation. The man or woman who thinks he or she is a jokester sometimes does not realize that to other people he or she is coming off as arrogant or offensive. This client needs to be confronted with this fact until he or she can see him or herself through other’s eyes. This leads to interpersonal skills. The human service worker needs to be able to teach interpersonal skills to clients as well as having interpersonal skills him or herself. Some people were never taught interpersonal skills and do not know how to properly interact with other people. This writer was very shy growing up so can understand about this. This writer did not have many interpersonal skills growing up because of the shyness and lack of interaction with many people. This writer did watch people a lot which helped later on to develop friendships and build on those interpersonal skills, but for others it is not so easy. Some people are like hermits; they do not want to interact with others, so their interpersonal skills are seriously lacking. The problem with these clients is that they do not care to interact with people and do not see a need to have interpersonal skills. Basically, the client could care less whether people like him or her or not. In fact, it is sometimes better when people do not like him or her so that he or she does not have to deal with them. The job of the human service worker is to show these clients that whether they like it or not, they have to be around people and deal with people on almost a daily basis. Interpersonal skills are very important skills to learn. A client does not necessarily have to like being around people, but in his or her life, he or she is going to have to deal with people every day. Having interpersonal skills makes this much easier. Communication is another important skill human service workers must possess. In fact, every individual needs to communicate effectively in his or her person life and at work. Communication is a major part of the relationship between a human service worker and his or her client. The client comes to the worker to present a problem and the human service worker needs to be able to understand the problem. The client should believe he or she can speak honestly and openly to the worker, and the worker should repeat back some of what the client says in order to confirm the worker understands correctly what the client is saying. People communicate in a variety of ways; verbally, through actions, and through body language. Understanding these types of communication is an important skill for a human service worker to possess and to be able to teach to clients. Many arguments in people’s lives are due to miscommunication. Teaching clients communication skills helps them tremendously in their personal and work lives. Human service workers need many characteristics and skills to effectively work with clients. Some of the most important characteristics and skills have been discussed above, but there are still many more. The skills discussed above are not only important for every human service worker to possess, but more importantly, to teach to clients to use in their own lives.